Aristolochia savannoidea Paizanni & M. Ramírez
Descripción
Aristolochia savannoidea differs from Aristolochia buntingii and A. tresmariae by the elliptic to cordiform, rarely auriculiform leaves. Additionally, it can be distinguished by the widely ovate limb, which is deeply or slightly cordate at the base, and acuminate at the apex, with a yellowish area covered by a dark purple, short vermiform append- age, and the throat reniform to deltate, minutely granular and glabrous.
Geophytic herb, procumbent, subterranean organs 30–40 cm long; stems slightly ribbed with 1–2 subterranean internodes, swollen nodes, 10 mm long; aerial internodes, slightly genicu- late, (4–)4.5–6(–7) cm long, sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Petioles terete, (0.8–)1.0–1.5(–2.7) × (0.07–)0.1–0.15 cm, green, sometimes red-pink, sparsely covered with septate tri- chomes. Leaf blades elliptic to cordiform, rarely auriculiform, chartaceous, discolorous, base cordate with oblique lobes, apex acuminate and rarely obtuse, (2.3–)4.5–6.0(–8.6) × (2.3–).5–5.0(–7.2) cm; palmatinerved, actinodromous, margin entire; adaxial leaf side green with septate trichomes, 0.7– 1 mm long, sparse and with acroscopic orientation; abaxial leaf side pale green with dense septate trichomes, especially along the veins. Flowers axillary, solitary, peduncle 8–25 ×0.2–0.7 mm. Bract ovate, 0.25–0.4 × 0.13–0.2 cm. Perianth geniculate, (1.2–)1.8–2.3 cm long, pale yellow becoming purple toward the limb with dense septate trichomes along the veins; utricle irregularly ellipsoid (0.4–)0.7–0.9 × (0.2–)0.3–0.4 cm, internal surface yellow with purple dots at the base, covered with moniliform mucilaginous trichomes; tube bent 30°–50°, basally straight, (2.5–)6–9×1.2–2 mm, internal surface glabrous;limb widely ovate,deeply or slightly cordate at the base, acuminate at the apex, 0.45–0.6(–1) × (0.5–)0.65–0.9 cm, yellowish area covered by a dark-purple short vermiform appendage, in lateral view cup-shaped; throat reniform to deltate, dark-purple, minutely granular and glabrous; syrinx infundibuliform, eccentric, 1.8–2 mm long, 2–3mm wide at the base and 0.8–1 mm wide at the apex. Gynostemium coroniform, stipitate, 1.5 × 0.8 mm, stipe 0.8–0.3 mm long, stigmatic lobes 5, 0.6 mm long, anthers 5, 0.7 mm long. Ovary inferior, penicillate, 6–7(–14) × 1–2 mm wide, with sparse septate trichomes. Fruit and seeds not seen. A
Geophytic herb, procumbent, subterranean organs 30–40 cm long; stems slightly ribbed with 1–2 subterranean internodes, swollen nodes, 10 mm long; aerial internodes, slightly genicu- late, (4–)4.5–6(–7) cm long, sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Petioles terete, (0.8–)1.0–1.5(–2.7) × (0.07–)0.1–0.15 cm, green, sometimes red-pink, sparsely covered with septate tri- chomes. Leaf blades elliptic to cordiform, rarely auriculiform, chartaceous, discolorous, base cordate with oblique lobes, apex acuminate and rarely obtuse, (2.3–)4.5–6.0(–8.6) × (2.3–).5–5.0(–7.2) cm; palmatinerved, actinodromous, margin entire; adaxial leaf side green with septate trichomes, 0.7– 1 mm long, sparse and with acroscopic orientation; abaxial leaf side pale green with dense septate trichomes, especially along the veins. Flowers axillary, solitary, peduncle 8–25 ×0.2–0.7 mm. Bract ovate, 0.25–0.4 × 0.13–0.2 cm. Perianth geniculate, (1.2–)1.8–2.3 cm long, pale yellow becoming purple toward the limb with dense septate trichomes along the veins; utricle irregularly ellipsoid (0.4–)0.7–0.9 × (0.2–)0.3–0.4 cm, internal surface yellow with purple dots at the base, covered with moniliform mucilaginous trichomes; tube bent 30°–50°, basally straight, (2.5–)6–9×1.2–2 mm, internal surface glabrous;limb widely ovate,deeply or slightly cordate at the base, acuminate at the apex, 0.45–0.6(–1) × (0.5–)0.65–0.9 cm, yellowish area covered by a dark-purple short vermiform appendage, in lateral view cup-shaped; throat reniform to deltate, dark-purple, minutely granular and glabrous; syrinx infundibuliform, eccentric, 1.8–2 mm long, 2–3mm wide at the base and 0.8–1 mm wide at the apex. Gynostemium coroniform, stipitate, 1.5 × 0.8 mm, stipe 0.8–0.3 mm long, stigmatic lobes 5, 0.6 mm long, anthers 5, 0.7 mm long. Ovary inferior, penicillate, 6–7(–14) × 1–2 mm wide, with sparse septate trichomes. Fruit and seeds not seen. A
Floración
JulA
Ejemplar revisado
MEXICO. Nayarit:Mun.Acaponeta, San Felipe Aztatán, Town La Presa, at the foothills of El Fileño, 52 m, 23 July 2014, A. Paizanni Guillén et al. 220 (DR, IBUG, IEB, MEXU, ZEA); San Felipe Aztatán, town La Presa, at the foothills of El Fileño, 52 m, 23 July 2014, A. Paizanni Guillén et al. 221 (DR, IBUG, IEB, MEXU, ZEA); La Presa 4 km al SW de San Felipe Aztatán, cerro El Fileño, 29 Nov 2008, A. Castro-Castro et al. 1435 (IBUG).A
Elevación
50 – 80 mA
Ecología y Hábitat
This species is currently only known from its type locality in the municipality of Acaponeta in the state of Nayarit (Fig. 3). It grows in savannoid vegetation on steep hill sides.A
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Discusión taxonómica
Notes — As few collections of this species are currently available, it is yet unclear whether it only shows solitary flowers or whether a racemose inflorescence may develop as is the case in other pentandrous species such as Aristolochia buntingii, A. nahua and A. tuitensis.A
Bibliografía
A. Paizanni Guillén, A., Santana-Michel, F. J., Ramírez Amezcua J.M., Wagner S.T., Müeller S., Montero-Castro, J. C., Wanke, S. & Samain, M.-S. 2016: Four New Species of Aristolochia subsection Pentandrae from Western Mexico ser. 41, 1: 128–141. – Systematic Botany. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416X690651