Aristolochia tuitensis Santana Mich. & Paizanni
Descripción
Aristolochia tuitensis differs from Aristolochia buntingii and A. tresmariae by the cordiform leaves, which are acuminate at the apex and the perianth with a tube widening at the basal part. Additionally, it can be distinguished by the orbic- ular limb, which is slightly cordate at the base and apiculate at the apex, in lateral view cup-shaped, with a purplish red area covered with dark-purple setose hairs, and the throat reniform and dark purple.
Geophytic herb, procumbent, subterranean organs 15–20 cm long; stems with 2–3 subterranean internodes, swollen nodes not seen; aerial internodes slightly geniculate, 2–5.5 cm long,sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Petioles terete, (1–) 1.5–3 × 0.1 cm, green, densely covered with septate trichomes. Leaf blades cordiform, discolorous, apex acuminate, (3–)5–7(–9) × (2–)3–6.5 cm; palmatinerved, actinodromous, margin entire; adaxial leaf side green, with sparse septate trichomes, 0.6–1 mm long, with acroscopic orientation; abaxial leaf side pale green with dense septate trichomes, especially along the veins. Flowers axillary, solitary, peduncle (6–)8–11(–12) × 0.5–0.8 mm, with dense septate trichomes. Bract lanceolate, 0.2–0.35 × 0.15–0.3 cm. Perianth geniculate, 1.2–1.5 cm long, white- yellowish, becoming purple toward the limb, veins brown-orange, sparse septate trichomes along the veins; utricle spheroid, 0.46–0.6 × 0.37–0.5 cm, internal surface yellow with purple dots at the base, covered with moniliform mucilaginous trichomes; tube bent 60°–90°, basally widened, 5–7×2.6–3.2 mm, internal surface glabrous; limb orbicular, slightly cordate at the base, apiculate at the apex, 0.3–0.4 × 0.7–1.0 cm, purplish red area covered by dark-purple setose hairs or protuberances, in lateral view cup-shaped; throat reniform, dark-purple, glabrous, smooth; syrinx infundibuliform, eccentric, 1.4–1.6 mm long, 1–1.3 mm wide at base and 1 mm wide at apex. Gynostemium coroniform, stipitate, 1.5–1.8 mm × 1.3–1.6 mm; stipe 0.5–0.7 mm long, stigmatic lobes 5, 0.7– 0.9 mm long, anthers 5, 0.7–0.8 mm long. Ovary inferior, lanceolate, 0.7–0.9 × 0.15 mm, with sparse to dense septate trichomes. Fruit a capsule, spheroid, 1.3–1.5 × 1.1–1.3 cm, brown-yellow, green-purple when young, with septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Seeds deltoid, upper part black, lower part yellow-brown, 4–4.5 × 4–5 mm, with granular surface.A
Geophytic herb, procumbent, subterranean organs 15–20 cm long; stems with 2–3 subterranean internodes, swollen nodes not seen; aerial internodes slightly geniculate, 2–5.5 cm long,sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Petioles terete, (1–) 1.5–3 × 0.1 cm, green, densely covered with septate trichomes. Leaf blades cordiform, discolorous, apex acuminate, (3–)5–7(–9) × (2–)3–6.5 cm; palmatinerved, actinodromous, margin entire; adaxial leaf side green, with sparse septate trichomes, 0.6–1 mm long, with acroscopic orientation; abaxial leaf side pale green with dense septate trichomes, especially along the veins. Flowers axillary, solitary, peduncle (6–)8–11(–12) × 0.5–0.8 mm, with dense septate trichomes. Bract lanceolate, 0.2–0.35 × 0.15–0.3 cm. Perianth geniculate, 1.2–1.5 cm long, white- yellowish, becoming purple toward the limb, veins brown-orange, sparse septate trichomes along the veins; utricle spheroid, 0.46–0.6 × 0.37–0.5 cm, internal surface yellow with purple dots at the base, covered with moniliform mucilaginous trichomes; tube bent 60°–90°, basally widened, 5–7×2.6–3.2 mm, internal surface glabrous; limb orbicular, slightly cordate at the base, apiculate at the apex, 0.3–0.4 × 0.7–1.0 cm, purplish red area covered by dark-purple setose hairs or protuberances, in lateral view cup-shaped; throat reniform, dark-purple, glabrous, smooth; syrinx infundibuliform, eccentric, 1.4–1.6 mm long, 1–1.3 mm wide at base and 1 mm wide at apex. Gynostemium coroniform, stipitate, 1.5–1.8 mm × 1.3–1.6 mm; stipe 0.5–0.7 mm long, stigmatic lobes 5, 0.7– 0.9 mm long, anthers 5, 0.7–0.8 mm long. Ovary inferior, lanceolate, 0.7–0.9 × 0.15 mm, with sparse to dense septate trichomes. Fruit a capsule, spheroid, 1.3–1.5 × 1.1–1.3 cm, brown-yellow, green-purple when young, with septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Seeds deltoid, upper part black, lower part yellow-brown, 4–4.5 × 4–5 mm, with granular surface.A
Fructificación
SepA
Floración
Sep–DecA
Ejemplar revisado
MEXICO. Jalisco: Mun. Cabo Corrientes, Carretera Chamela-Puerto Vallarta, El Tuito, 780 m, 24 Nov 1976, R. Hernández M. 3021 (ENCB, MEXU); pasando el puente del Rio Las Juntas, cerca del Tuito, 450 m, 21 Sept 1976, A. Delgado S. & R. Hernández 216 (CHAPA, MEXU,); 6 km al N del Tuito, 580 m, 28 Dec 1976, L. M. Villarreal de Puga & E. Estrada Faudón 9659 (IBUG); steep rocky valley of Rio Las Juntas, 10–13 km southeast of El Tuito, 250–330 m, 14–16 Dec 1970, oak forest, R. McVaugh 25459 (MICH); El Tuito, 700 m, 10 Oct 1982, R. Hernández M. & E. Lott 9148 (MEXU); Puerto Vallarta, 200 m, 26 Sept 1992, R. Ramírez Delgadillo & Steve Rogers 2919 b (IBUG).A
Elevación
200 – 700 mA
Ecología y Hábitat
Aristolochia tuitensis is distributed along the Pacific Coast of the state of Jalisco, from the municipalities of Cabo Corrientes to Puerto Vallarta (Fig. 3). This species grows in open secondary vegetation and in pine-oak forest, on flat areas and steep hills.A
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Bibliografía
A. Paizanni Guillén, A., Santana-Michel, F. J., Ramírez Amezcua J.M., Wagner S.T., Müeller S., Montero-Castro, J. C., Wanke, S. & Samain, M.-S. 2016: Four New Species of Aristolochia subsection Pentandrae from Western Mexico ser. 41, 1: 128–141. – Systematic Botany. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416X690651