Aristolochia pacifica Santana Mich. & Paizanni
Descripción
Aristolochia pacifica differs from Aristolochia buntingii and A. tresmariae by the auriculiform-ovate leaves, the cordiform bract, the perianth with a spheroid utricle, and the tube wid- ening at the basal part. Additionally, it can be distinguished by the cordiform limb, which is obtuse or slightly apiculate at the apex, with a yellowish area covered with dark purple- tuberculate reticulate protuberances, sparsely white decidu- ous trichomes, and the throat reniform, dark purple, and with white trichomes at the border, minutely granular.
Geophytic herb, procumbent, subterranean organs 20–25 cm long; stems with 1–2 subterranean internodes; aerial internodes, slightly geniculate, (2.0–)2.5–5.5(–6) cm long, sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Petioles terete, 1–2.5 × 0.1 cm, green, densely covered with septate trichomes. Leaf blades auriculiform-ovate, discolorous, base cordate, apex acuminate,(3.5–)4–9×3–6.5 cm; palmatinerved, actinodromous, margin entire; adaxial leaf side green with septate trichomes, 0.6– 1 mm long, with acroscopic orientation; abaxial leaf side pale green with dense septate trichomes, especially along the veins. Flowers axillary, peduncles 5–10 × 0.5–0.7 mm. Bract cordiform, (0.2–) 0.3–0.5 × 0.3–0.4 cm. Perianth geniculate, 2–2.6 cm long, white-yellowish becoming purple toward the limb, veins brown-orange, dense septate trichomes along the veins; utricle spheroid, 0.65–0.74 × 0.5–0.55 cm, internal surface yellow with purple dots, covered with moniliform mucilaginous trichomes; tube bent 90°, basally widened, 1–1.5 × 3–3.5 mm, internal surface glabrous; limb cordiform, cordate at the base, obtuse or slightly apiculate at the apex, 1.3–1.7 × 1.2–1.6cm,with a yellowish area covered by dar kurple tuberculate reticulate protuberances, sparse white trichomes deciduous, in lateral view flat; throat reniform, dark-purple, white trichomes at the margin, minutely granular; syrinx infundibuliform, eccentric, 1.7–2.4 mm long, 1.4–2mm wide at base and 1 mm wide at apex. Gynostemium coroniform, stipitate, 1.8–2.5 × 1.5–1.9 mm wide; stipe, rarely subsessile, 0.5–0.9 mm long; stigmatic lobes 5, 0.8–1.2 mm long, anthers 5, 0.9–1.5 mm long. Ovary inferior, lanceolate, 5.0 × 1.0 mm, with sparse to dense septate trichomes. Fruit a capsule, spheroid, 1.5–1.8 × 1.2–1.5 cm, purple when young, brown-yellow when mature, with septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Seeds deltoid, 4–4.5 × 4–5 mm, upper part black, lower part yellow-brown, with granular surface.A
Geophytic herb, procumbent, subterranean organs 20–25 cm long; stems with 1–2 subterranean internodes; aerial internodes, slightly geniculate, (2.0–)2.5–5.5(–6) cm long, sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Petioles terete, 1–2.5 × 0.1 cm, green, densely covered with septate trichomes. Leaf blades auriculiform-ovate, discolorous, base cordate, apex acuminate,(3.5–)4–9×3–6.5 cm; palmatinerved, actinodromous, margin entire; adaxial leaf side green with septate trichomes, 0.6– 1 mm long, with acroscopic orientation; abaxial leaf side pale green with dense septate trichomes, especially along the veins. Flowers axillary, peduncles 5–10 × 0.5–0.7 mm. Bract cordiform, (0.2–) 0.3–0.5 × 0.3–0.4 cm. Perianth geniculate, 2–2.6 cm long, white-yellowish becoming purple toward the limb, veins brown-orange, dense septate trichomes along the veins; utricle spheroid, 0.65–0.74 × 0.5–0.55 cm, internal surface yellow with purple dots, covered with moniliform mucilaginous trichomes; tube bent 90°, basally widened, 1–1.5 × 3–3.5 mm, internal surface glabrous; limb cordiform, cordate at the base, obtuse or slightly apiculate at the apex, 1.3–1.7 × 1.2–1.6cm,with a yellowish area covered by dar kurple tuberculate reticulate protuberances, sparse white trichomes deciduous, in lateral view flat; throat reniform, dark-purple, white trichomes at the margin, minutely granular; syrinx infundibuliform, eccentric, 1.7–2.4 mm long, 1.4–2mm wide at base and 1 mm wide at apex. Gynostemium coroniform, stipitate, 1.8–2.5 × 1.5–1.9 mm wide; stipe, rarely subsessile, 0.5–0.9 mm long; stigmatic lobes 5, 0.8–1.2 mm long, anthers 5, 0.9–1.5 mm long. Ovary inferior, lanceolate, 5.0 × 1.0 mm, with sparse to dense septate trichomes. Fruit a capsule, spheroid, 1.5–1.8 × 1.2–1.5 cm, purple when young, brown-yellow when mature, with septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Seeds deltoid, 4–4.5 × 4–5 mm, upper part black, lower part yellow-brown, with granular surface.A
Fructificación
Aug–SepA
Floración
Jun–DecA
Ejemplar revisado
MEXICO. Colima: Mun. Comala, 2–3 km al SE de Campo Cuatro, 15–16 km al NW de Colima, 1,100 m, 15 Aug 1992, F. J. Santana-Michel et al. 5292, 5294 (IBUG, ZEA); Rancho El Jabalí, 22 km (airline) NNW of Colima in the SW foothills of the Volcán de Colima, 1,300 m, 20 May 1991, A. C. Sanders 11076 (UCR); Rancho El Jabalí, 22 km (airline) NNW of Colima in the SW foothills of the Volcán de Colima, Hacienda San Antonio, 1,200 m, 02 Oct 1991, L. Vazquez V. 1301, 1637 (UCR); Rancho El Jabalí near Hacienda San Antonio 20 km NNW of the city of Colima, 1,150 m, 25 Aug 1988, A. C. Sanders 5495, 5414 (UCR); carretera Queserías, en el tramo crucero a San Antonio- Carrizalillos, 1,400 m, 17 July 1997, R. Flores Virgen 579 (ZEA). Mun. Minatitlán, after the town Cerro Colorado, heading to the mine (Hill of Juanes) approx. 6 km, 19°22′40.1″N, 104°05′28.3″W, 894 m, 24 Sept 2014, A. Paizanni Guillén et al. 279 (DR, IBUG, IEB, MEXU, ZEA). Jalisco: Mun. Autlán, mountain summits 9–10 miles southwest of Autlán, 1,300– 1,600 m, 16 Nov 1956, R. McVaugh 14193 (MICH); mountains above Ahuacapán, road to Corralitos, 10–12 miles south-southeast of Autlán, 1,500–1,800 m, 29 Sept 1960, R. McVaugh 19585 (MICH); 3 km al NO de El Jalocote por la brecha a San Juan Cacoma, 19°49′40″N, 104°26′00″W, 1,450 m, 2 Aug 2000, F. J. Santana Michel & L. Guzmán H. 10901 (ZEA); Las Mancornadas, 500 m al NO de Ayutita, por la brecha Autlán- Cacoma, 19°40′40″N, 104°01′10″W, elev. 1,100 m, 17 July 2002, F. J . Santana Michel & A. A. Flores Flores 10940 (ZEA); Los Mazos, Torre de Microondas, 19°41′15″N, 104°23′36″W, 1,700 m, 26 Sept 1994, F. J . Santana Michel & L. Guzmán H. 6938 (ZEA); 1–2 km al O de Ahuacapán, 19°42′45″N, 104°20′11″W, 1,200 m, 3 Oct 1991, F. J. Santana M. et al. 5469 (ZEA); Los Mazos, 8–9 km al SSO de Autlán, 19°41′17″N, 104°23′30″W, 1,450 m, 01 Sept 1988, F. J. Santana M. & P. Lorente A. 3832 (ZEA); Puerto Los Mazos por la carretera Autlán-Barra de Navidad, 1,100– 1,200 m, 8 July 1997, L. Guzmán H. & R. Delgado Cruz 1649 (ZEA). Mun. Casimiro Castillo, Los Mazos cerca de la torre de microondas, 19°41′15″N, 104°23′36″W, 1,700 m, 25 Oct 1995, F. J. Santana Michel 7662 (ZEA); Los Mazos, 10 km SW of Autlán, Sierra de Manantlán, 19°41'N, 104°77'W, 1,800 m, 13 July 1992, A. Leinberger 51 (ZEA); Los Mazos, Sierra de Manantlán, 9–10 km al SSO de Autlán, 19°40′36″N, 104°23′04″W, 750 m, 15 July 1992, F. J. Santana Michel et al. 11185 (ZEA); Los Mazos, torre de microondas, 9–10 al SSO de Autlán, 19°40′36″N, 104°23′04″W, 1,700 m, 11 Dec 1995, F. J. Santana M. & M. Vázquez 7702 (ZEA); 1–2km al SE de Casimiro Castillo, 19°35′16″N, 104°24′48″W, 600–700 m, 11 Nov 1992,J. Cevallos et al. 156 (ZEA); base del cerro La Petaca, 2 km al SE de Casimiro Castillo, 19°35′16″N, 104°24′48″W, 500 m, 10 June 1992, F. J . Santana Michel & B. F. Benz 5720 (ZEA); cerro La Petaca, 2 km al SE de Casimiro Castillo, 19°35′16″N, 104°24′48″W, 750 m, 5 Aug 1993, F. J . Santana Michel & B. F. Benz 6373 (ZEA); cerro La Petaca, 2 km al SE de Casimiro Castillo, 19°35′16″N, 104°24′48″W, 800 m, 22 Sept 1994, F. J . Santana Michel & B. F. Benz 7605 (ZEA); following the street “5de Mayo“ in the town, to the pathway of the hill El Perote, 19°35'22.4”N, 104°25′26.2″W, 517 m, 29 Sept 2014, A. Paizanni Guillén et al. 296 (DR, IBUG, IEB, MEXU, ZEA). Mun. Cuautitlán de García Barragán, 500 m al NO de Los Terreros de Ayotitlán por el camino a Telcrucito de la Piedra Pintada, 19°27′01″N, 104°12′41″W, 950 m, 23 July 1997, F. J. Santana M. et al. 8660 (ZEA); 2 km al NO de Lagunillas de Ayotitlán, por el camino a Las Cañadas, 19°27′51″N, 104°11′54″, 1,200 m, 23 July 1997, F. J . Santana M. et al. 8628 (ZEA); 1–2 km al NE de Ayotitlán, 19°28′13″N, 104°11′04″W, 750 m, 28 Aug 1991, vegetación secundaria, F. J. Santana Michel & B. F. Benz 5327 (ZEA); 1–2 km al NE de Cuautitlán, 19°27′36″ N, 104°20′49″W, 760 m, 27 July 1989, L. Guzmán H. & F. J. Santana M. 756 (ZEA); 3 km al N de Cerro El Otate, 19°27′35″N, 104°28′56″W, 700 m, 17 Dec 2000, R. Cuevas et al. 7015 (ZEA). Mun. Tecalitlán, Rancho El Carrizalillo, km 142 de la carretera Tecalitlán-Pihuamo, 19°25′42″N, 103°21′44″W, 1,300 m, 19 Sept 2003, bosque de Pinus y Quercus, F. J . Santana Michel & J. M. Michel Fuentes 11413 (ZEA). Mun. Tolimán, Los Encinitos, 19°29′33″N, 103°59′05″W, 1,700 m, 27 July 1995, F. J. Santana M. & M. Vázquez 7251(ZEA). Mun. Villa de Purificación, Villas de Cacoma, cerca de 16 km, al NE de Villa de Purificación, 19°49′05″N, 104°33′29″W, 1,022 m, 14 Aug 2009, L. Guzmán H. et al. 5171 (ZEA); Villas de Cacoma, cerca de 16 km, al NE de Villa de Purificación, 19°49′ 02″N, 104°33′19″W, 1,070 m, 27 Sept 2009, L. Guzmán Het al. 5233 (ZEA); 1 km al O de El Chino por la brecha Villa de Purificación- Talpitita, 19°41′05″N, 104°46′00″W, 500 m, 23 July 1997, F. J. Santana Michel & R. Miranda Medrano 10698 (ZEA).A
Elevación
500 – 900 mA
Ecología y Hábitat
Aristolochia pacifica is distributed along the Pacific Coast of the Mexican states of Jalisco (municipality of Autlán) and Colima (municipality of Comala) (Fig. 3). This species grows in open secondary vegetation near tropical subdeciduous forest, oak forest, pine-oak forest, cloud forest and gallery forest, on flat areas or in canyons.A
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Usos (notas)
In the municipality of Autlán the root is used to treat diseases such as stomach pain and diarrhea. It is prepared by boiling the root and the infusion is drunk.A
Discusión taxonómica
Notes — Santana-Michel and Cuevas Guzmán (2014) included Aristolochia buntingii in a revision of the genus Aristolochia for the state of Colima; however, some of the material refers to the here described A. pacifica.A
Bibliografía
A. Paizanni Guillén, A., Santana-Michel, F. J., Ramírez Amezcua J.M., Wagner S.T., Müeller S., Montero-Castro, J. C., Wanke, S. & Samain, M.-S. 2016: Four New Species of Aristolochia subsection Pentandrae from Western Mexico ser. 41, 1: 128–141. – Systematic Botany. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416X690651