Aristolochia monticola Brandegee
Descripción
Geophytic herb, procumbent, perennial subterranean organs 20-50 long; stems with 2- 3 subterranean internodes, swollen nodes, 4-6 mm long; aerial internodes slightly geniculate, 3-6(-8.5) cm long, dense covered with septate trichomes. Petioles terete, (0.3-)1- 3(-3.5) x 0.01-0.1 cm, green, sometimes purplish red, pubescent. Leaf blades tripartite, hastate or ovate, discolorous, base auriculate to hastate, apex mucronate, acute, (1.0-)3.3-7(- 14) x (1.0-)2.7-7(-10) cm; palmatinerved, actinodromous, basal veins purplish red, margin entire; adaxial leaf side green, with velvety septate trichomes and with acroscopic orientation; abaxial leaf side pale green, veins white-yellow with velvety septate trichomes, especially along the veins. Flowers axillary, solitary, peduncle (2.8-)3-10 x 0.1-0.3(-0.4) cm with dense septate trichomes). Bract ovate to hastate, (0.5-)0.6-1.5 x 0.3-0.7 cm. Perianth geniculate, 4.5-6(-8.5) cm long, pale green-yellowish, becoming purplish red toward the limb, veins white-yellow, with dense septate trichomes along the veins; utricle obovoid to ellipsoid, 0.6-1.2 x (0.4-)0.6-1 cm, internal surface yellow with purple dots at the base covered with moniliform mucilaginous trichomes; tube bent 45°-50°, basally straight, (8-)10-17 x (4-)5-10 mm, internal surface with purplish red villose trichomes; limb ovate to elliptic, cordate at the base, mucronulate at the apex, (1.2-)2-3 x 1-2 (-3) cm, purplish red or coral-cream marginal area, around the throat purplish red or coral-cream with purple dots, covered by purplish red to coral-cream papillose protuberances, in lateral view flat; throat elliptic, purplish red, minutely granular and covered by villous purple trichomes; syrinx infundibuliform, eccentric, 2 mm long, 1.5 mm wide at base and 1 mm wide at apex. Gynostemium coroniform, stipitate, 2.5 x 2 mm; stipe, 0.05-0.1(-0.6) mm long, stigmatic lobes 5, 1 mm long, anthers 5, 1.5 mm long. Ovary inferior, oblanceolate, 5 x 1.3 mm, veins purplish red with lanate septate trichomes. Fruit a capsule, ovoid to ellipsoid, 1-2-(4) x (0.7-)1-2.5 cm, gray-green when young, with veins purplish red, brown yellow when mature, with septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Seeds deltoid, 5-6 x 5-6 mm, upper part black, lower part yellow- brown, with granular surface.A
Fructificación
SepA
Floración
(Sep–)Jan–May(–Nov)A
Ejemplar revisado
MEXICO. Baja California Sur: Mun. La Paz, playas Ostiones, isla San José, 26º45´ N, 111º58´ W, 3m, 8 Mar 2006, M. Domínguez León 3903 (HCIB); Isla San José, Los Ostiones, 25º1.943´ N, 110º42.82´ W, 3 m, 20 Sep 2015, A. Paizanni Guillén & S. Müller 302 (IEB); Isla San José, Los Ostiones, 25º1.943´ N, 110º42.82´ W, 3 m, 20 Sep 2015, A. Paizanni Guillén & S. Müller 304 (IEB); La Burrera, a 27 km al E de Todos Santos, 550m, 14 Oct 1985, P. Tenorio L. et al. 10488 (MEXU); La Burrera, a 27 km al E de Todos Santos, 550 m, 14 Oct 1985, P. Tenorio L. Et al. 10488 (MEXU); San Bartolo, 100 m N of the road MEXICO-1 from La Paz to Los Barriles, 23º44´23″ N, 109º51´36.7″ W, 432m, 24 Sep 2015, M. S. Samain & S. Wanke 2015-014 (IEB); San Isidro, Arroyo Boca de Alamos, 3 km SW of the road Los Barriles- Santa Teresa, 23º52´1.74″ N, 109º49´2.7″ W, 150m, 24 Sep 2015, M. S. Samain & S. Wanke 2015-015 (IEB); After the town El Sargento, follow the principal road, 9m, 18 Sep 2015, A. Paizanni Guillén y S. Müller 298 (IEB). Mun. Los Cabos, La Ribera, carr. entre el hotel Punta Colorada y el rancho Las Lagunas, 23º30´ N, 109º35´ W, 15 m, 3 May 2001, R. Domínguez Cadena 2365 (HCIB); Sol de Mayo NW de Santiago, 23º28´ N, 109º50´ W, 350m, 2 Nov 1986, J.L. León 2239 (MEXU, HCIB); Sierra de la Laguna, rancho El Mesquitillo, about 14 km E of Todos Santos, 23º27´35.2″ N, 110º5´26.7″ W, 344m, 19 Sep 2015, M. S. Samain & S. Wanke 2015-008 (IEB); Sierra de la Laguna, rancho El Mesquitillo, about 14 km E of Todos Santos, 23º27´35.2″ N, 110º5´26.7″ W, 344m, 19 Sep 2015, M. S. Samain & S. Wanke 2015-009(IEB); 10 km after the town Santiago (Sol de Mayo), on the direction to the San Dionisio canyon, 23.53496 N, -109.7836 W, 339 m, 23 Sep 2015, A. Paizanni Guillén y S. Müller 312 (IEB); San Dionisio canyon, in the ranch El Refugio, 23.55198 N, - 109.81461 W, 340m, 23 Sep 2015, A. Paizanni Guillén y S. Müller 313 (IEB); San Dionisio canyon, in the ranch El Refugio, 23.55149 N, -109.81638 W, 343m, 23 Sep 2015, A. Paizanni Guillén y S. Müller 315 (IEB); Going to Cabo Pulmo, between the hotel Punta Colorada and rancho Las Laguna, in the rocky mountain area, 23.55327 N, -109.49857 W, 18m, 25 Sep 2015, A. Paizanni Guillén y S. Müller 317 (IEB); Sol de Mayo NW Santiago, 23º28´ N, 109º50´ W, 350m, 2 Nov 1986, J.L. León 2239 (MEXU, HCIB). Mun. Mulegé, sierra San Francisco: North of San Ignacio, cañón San Gregorio, northeast of the ranch San Francisco de la Sierra, 27º40´ N, 112º59´ W, 500-800m, 18 Oct 1997, J. Rebman and J. Delgadillo 4437 (HCIB, UCR). Mun. Todos Santos, Sierra de la Laguna: Northeast of Todos Santos; cañón La Burrera vicinity of rancho Corral Grande (topotipo), 23º30´20" N, 110º1´27" W, 580 m, 27 Oct 1998, J. Rabman, M. Domínguez, J. Barry and S. Wolf 5720 (UCR). Costa del Golfo de California, 3 m, 8 Mar 2006, M. Dominguez Leon 3903 (ARIZ).A
Elevación
0 – 600 mA
Ecología y Hábitat
This species is currently only known from Baja California Sur and some islands in the Sea of Cortés. It grows in granite, sand soils in tropical deciduous forest on granite boulders, close to creeks, in arid scrub vegetation, coastal dune as well as on beaches.A
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Usos (notas)
The perennial subterranean organs are used to reduced weight, cholesterol, diabetes headache and against snakebites. It is prepared by boiling the subterranean organs and the infusion is drunk, and the local people keep a glass jar with slices in their house (½ slice in ½ liter boiled water and drunk 3 times/day).A
Discusión taxonómica
Aristolochia peninsularis is here considered as a synonym of A. monticola, similar to Pfeifer (1970). The main differences considered by Brandegee (1916) to separate these two species were the following: A. peninsularis grows in sandy soils close to the beach and its the leaves are usually ovate to saggittate, whereas A. monticola grows in tropical, subtropical forest and has auriculate leaves. However, during fieldwork we compared the flowers of both species which were exactly the same. The limb usually is coral-cream, sometimes purplish red with papillose protuberances. Additionally, we also noticed the variability in leaf shape and and plant size, depending on the habitat. Hence we adopted the name A. monticola, following Pfeifer (1970).A