Aristolochia bracteosa Duch.
Descripción
Geophytic herb, procumbent, perennial subterranean organs 50-70 x 0.4 -1 cm; stems
with 2-3 subterranean internodes, swollen nodes, 10-20 mm long; aerial internodes (2.5-)
3-4.5(-5.6) cm long, sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Petioles terete (0.6-) 0.7-1 x
0.6-1.3 mm, sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Leaf blades elliptic to ovate,
discolorous, base cordate, apex acuminate, (2.8-) 3.7-7.5 (-9.5) x (1-) 2-4.5 cm,
palmatinerved, actinodromous, basal veins sometimes purple-pink, margin entire,
sometimes purple-pink; adaxial leaf side green, with a dense septate trichomes, 0.05 mm
long and with septate trichomes, 0.7-1 mm long, sparse and with acroscopic orientation,
abaxial leaf side green pale, with dense septate trichomes, escpecially along the veins.
Flowers axillary, solitary, growing in the apical part, peduncle 0.6-0.7 x 0.3-0.5 mm. Bract
lanceolate, 1-1.2 x 0.04-0.1 cm. Perianth erect, 5-6 cm long, green-yellowish, becoming
purple toward the limb, veins yellow, dense septate trichomes along the veins; utricle
spheroid gibbous, 0.9-1.2 x 0.35-0.6 cm, internal surface yellow with purple dots, covered
with moniliform mucilaginous trichomes; tube bent 10°-30°, basally straight, 10-16 x 2-3.5
mm, internal surface with black-purple short setose trichomes, 1 mm long, and white setose trichomes toward the syrinx, 0.05 mm long; limb ovate, cordate at the base, retuse at the apex, 3-3.6 x 0.8-1 (-1.6) cm; purplish-red verrucose, in lateral view flat; throat obovoid, dark-maroon, minutely granular and glabrous; syrinx infundibuliform, eccentric, 2.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide at base and 2 mm wide at apex. Gynostemium coroniform, stipitate, 2.5-3 x 1.3 mm wide; stipe 0.5-1 mm long, stigmatic lobes 5, 0.5-1.5 mm long, anthers 5, 1 mm long. Ovary inferior, lanceolate 5 x (0.8-) 0.9 mm, with sparse to dense septate trichomes. Fruit a capsule, obloid to ellipsoid, 1.5 x 0.7-0.9 cm wide, with septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Seeds deltoid,3.5-4 x 3-4.5 mm, upper part black, lower part yellow- brown, with granular surface. A
with 2-3 subterranean internodes, swollen nodes, 10-20 mm long; aerial internodes (2.5-)
3-4.5(-5.6) cm long, sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Petioles terete (0.6-) 0.7-1 x
0.6-1.3 mm, sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Leaf blades elliptic to ovate,
discolorous, base cordate, apex acuminate, (2.8-) 3.7-7.5 (-9.5) x (1-) 2-4.5 cm,
palmatinerved, actinodromous, basal veins sometimes purple-pink, margin entire,
sometimes purple-pink; adaxial leaf side green, with a dense septate trichomes, 0.05 mm
long and with septate trichomes, 0.7-1 mm long, sparse and with acroscopic orientation,
abaxial leaf side green pale, with dense septate trichomes, escpecially along the veins.
Flowers axillary, solitary, growing in the apical part, peduncle 0.6-0.7 x 0.3-0.5 mm. Bract
lanceolate, 1-1.2 x 0.04-0.1 cm. Perianth erect, 5-6 cm long, green-yellowish, becoming
purple toward the limb, veins yellow, dense septate trichomes along the veins; utricle
spheroid gibbous, 0.9-1.2 x 0.35-0.6 cm, internal surface yellow with purple dots, covered
with moniliform mucilaginous trichomes; tube bent 10°-30°, basally straight, 10-16 x 2-3.5
mm, internal surface with black-purple short setose trichomes, 1 mm long, and white setose trichomes toward the syrinx, 0.05 mm long; limb ovate, cordate at the base, retuse at the apex, 3-3.6 x 0.8-1 (-1.6) cm; purplish-red verrucose, in lateral view flat; throat obovoid, dark-maroon, minutely granular and glabrous; syrinx infundibuliform, eccentric, 2.5 mm long, 2.5-3 mm wide at base and 2 mm wide at apex. Gynostemium coroniform, stipitate, 2.5-3 x 1.3 mm wide; stipe 0.5-1 mm long, stigmatic lobes 5, 0.5-1.5 mm long, anthers 5, 1 mm long. Ovary inferior, lanceolate 5 x (0.8-) 0.9 mm, with sparse to dense septate trichomes. Fruit a capsule, obloid to ellipsoid, 1.5 x 0.7-0.9 cm wide, with septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Seeds deltoid,3.5-4 x 3-4.5 mm, upper part black, lower part yellow- brown, with granular surface. A
Fructificación
(Apr–)Jul–AugA
Floración
Jun–OctA
Ejemplar revisado
MEXICO. Jalisco: Mun. Guadalajara, Barranca de, 3 Jul 1991, Luis Fdo. Castellanos Renteria et al. 18 (IBUG). Mun. Ixtlahuacán del Río, ejido Los Pitayitos 30 km al N de Ixtlahuacán, 1400 m, 23 Mar 1988, A. Flores Macías 828 (IBUG). Mun. Tala, rumbo a Villa Felicidad a 1 km saliendo del poblado 20°39´28.8″N, 103°40´59″ W, 1379 m, 7 Aug 2014, A. Paizanni Guillén et al. 238 (IEB); La Primavera, bosque escuela distrito 9°, 1600 m, 26 Jun 1986, Aarón Rodríguez C. 293 (IBUG); Agua Dulce, hacienda de Huaxtla, río Salado, 30km al W de Guadalajara, 1400 m, 13 Aug 1975, L.M. Villarreal de Puga 15605 (IBUG). Mun. Zapopan, La Primavera, 10 Jul 1998, H. White & W.C. Holmes 554 (BAYLU); Cerro del Col, a 3 km al W de Santa Lucía, 13 Oct 1992, M. Cházaro B. & R. Acevedo R. 6982 (IEB); Bosque del Nixticuil, 20°45´10″ N, 103°24´34″ W, 1625 m, 30 Jun 2006, F.Mercado-Muñoz et al. 137, 139 (IBUG); Arroyo del Atlicolte, rancho La Mesa, San Esteban, 1460 m, 10 Jun 1973, L.M. Villarreal de Puga 4830 (IBUG); La Venta, 20 km al W de Guadalajara, 20°41´53″ N, 103°33´34″ W, 145 m, 23 Jun 1967, L.M. Villarreal de Puga 4072 (IBUG); Sierra de La Venta, carr. Ameca-Pto. Tortugas, 1450 m, 30 Sep 1968, L.M.Villarreal de Puga 2682 (IBUG); río Blanco, Jun 1886, Edward Palmer 27 (MEXU); Baños del Padre 33 km por la carretera Guadalajara-Ameca, 1600 m, 30 Jul 1967, L.M. Villarreal de Puga 852 (IBUG). Nayarit: Mun. Tepic, 25 miles southeast of Tepic along highway to Guadalajara, 1067-1219 m, 16 Jul 1951, H. S. Gentry 10873 (ARIZ, MEXU). Mun. Zapotamitas, Mex. Hwy 15, E of Zapotamitas, 21.28312 N, -104.63214 W, 1350 m, 29 Jul 1998, W.C. Holmes & H.L. White 9671 (BAYLU).A
Elevación
1000 – 1800 mA
Ecología y Hábitat
Aristolochia bracteosa is distributed in the states of Jalisco and
Nayarit and grows in open secondary vegetation near oak forest, on volcanic highland.A
Nayarit and grows in open secondary vegetation near oak forest, on volcanic highland.A
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Discusión taxonómica
This species is easily distinguished by its elliptic to ovate leaves
straight; the ovate limb, which is cordate at the base, retuse at the apex,
and maroon to purplish red and verrucose and the throat which is obovoid, dark-maroon.A
straight; the ovate limb, which is cordate at the base, retuse at the apex,
and maroon to purplish red and verrucose and the throat which is obovoid, dark-maroon.A