Aristolochia cardiantha Pfeifer
Descripción
Geophytic herb, procumbent, perennial subterranean organs not seen; stems with 1-2
subterranean internodes, swollen nodes, 1.2-45 mm long; aerial internodes 9-14 cm long,
sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Petioles terete, (3-)4-8.5 x 0.1-0.3cm, green,
sometimes purple-pink, pilose. Leaf blades cordiform, discolorous, base cordate and
slightly bended, apex abruptly acute to acuminate, (6.0-)10-21 x (6-)9-22 cm; palmatinerved,
actinodromous, basal veins purple-pink, margin entire; adaxial leaf side green, with orange
septate trichomes, dense and with acroscopic orientation; abaxial leaf side pale green, veins
pale yellow with dense orange septate trichomes, especially along the veins. Flowers
axillary, solitary, growing at the base of the plant, flower peduncle, 11-15 cm x 0.1-0.4 mm, with dense septate trichomes. Bract ovate, 0.9-1.5 x 0.7-1 cm. Perianth geniculate, 6.5-11.5 cm long, brown-yellowish, becoming purplish red toward the limb, veins brown-orange, dense septate trichomes along the veins; utricle obovoid, (1-)1.5-2 x (0.5-)1-1.5 cm, internal surface yellow with purple dots at the base, covered with mucilaginous trichomes, yellow, purplish red toward the syrinx; tube bent 150°-170°, basally widened, 1.5-2.5(-3) x (3-)4-10 mm, internal surface with purplish-dark villous trichomes, 0.3-0.4 mm long; limb widely ovate, cordate at the base, cuspidate at the apex, (3-)5-8 x (3.3-)5-8.5 cm, pink-purplish to purplish red area, around the throat ringed starting with a slim line white, then purplish red, margin white, with anastomosing and reticulate venation, covered by verrucose protuberances, in lateral view flat; throat pentagon shape, maroon or occasionally yellow, minutely granular and glabrous, covered by purplish red septate trichomes; syrinx long tubular, eccentric, 3-3.5 mm long, 3- 3.5 mm wide at base and 1.5-2 mm wide at apex. Gynostemium coroniform, stipitate, 2-3.5 x 2 mm; stipe, 0.1-0.1 mm long, stigmatic lobes 5, 1 mm long, anthers 5, 2-2.5 mm long. Ovary inferior, linear, 1 x 1.5 mm, with lanate septate trichomes. Fruit a capsule, ellipsoid, 3-4 x (1-)2-3 cm, brown yellow when mature, with septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Seeds deltoid, 5-7 x 5-6 mm, upper part black, lower part yellow-brown, with granular surface.A
subterranean internodes, swollen nodes, 1.2-45 mm long; aerial internodes 9-14 cm long,
sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Petioles terete, (3-)4-8.5 x 0.1-0.3cm, green,
sometimes purple-pink, pilose. Leaf blades cordiform, discolorous, base cordate and
slightly bended, apex abruptly acute to acuminate, (6.0-)10-21 x (6-)9-22 cm; palmatinerved,
actinodromous, basal veins purple-pink, margin entire; adaxial leaf side green, with orange
septate trichomes, dense and with acroscopic orientation; abaxial leaf side pale green, veins
pale yellow with dense orange septate trichomes, especially along the veins. Flowers
axillary, solitary, growing at the base of the plant, flower peduncle, 11-15 cm x 0.1-0.4 mm, with dense septate trichomes. Bract ovate, 0.9-1.5 x 0.7-1 cm. Perianth geniculate, 6.5-11.5 cm long, brown-yellowish, becoming purplish red toward the limb, veins brown-orange, dense septate trichomes along the veins; utricle obovoid, (1-)1.5-2 x (0.5-)1-1.5 cm, internal surface yellow with purple dots at the base, covered with mucilaginous trichomes, yellow, purplish red toward the syrinx; tube bent 150°-170°, basally widened, 1.5-2.5(-3) x (3-)4-10 mm, internal surface with purplish-dark villous trichomes, 0.3-0.4 mm long; limb widely ovate, cordate at the base, cuspidate at the apex, (3-)5-8 x (3.3-)5-8.5 cm, pink-purplish to purplish red area, around the throat ringed starting with a slim line white, then purplish red, margin white, with anastomosing and reticulate venation, covered by verrucose protuberances, in lateral view flat; throat pentagon shape, maroon or occasionally yellow, minutely granular and glabrous, covered by purplish red septate trichomes; syrinx long tubular, eccentric, 3-3.5 mm long, 3- 3.5 mm wide at base and 1.5-2 mm wide at apex. Gynostemium coroniform, stipitate, 2-3.5 x 2 mm; stipe, 0.1-0.1 mm long, stigmatic lobes 5, 1 mm long, anthers 5, 2-2.5 mm long. Ovary inferior, linear, 1 x 1.5 mm, with lanate septate trichomes. Fruit a capsule, ellipsoid, 3-4 x (1-)2-3 cm, brown yellow when mature, with septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Seeds deltoid, 5-7 x 5-6 mm, upper part black, lower part yellow-brown, with granular surface.A
Fructificación
Aug–OctA
Floración
Jul–SepA
Ejemplar revisado
MEXICO. Guerrero: Mina. Puerto de Oro, 500 m, 15 Jul 1936, Hinton 9096 (BD); Adelante de Quechultenango, 16 Aug 1978, Blanco C., C. Toledo M., E. F. Cabrera C. 495 A (IEB); Mun. Tixtla de Guerrero, cerro a la orilla de la laguna de Tixtla 17° 37´ 30″ N, 99° 29´ 30″ W, 1600 m, 24 Aug 1998, B. Ludlow, N. Diego P. 208 (IEB, MEXU); Tlalchapa 18° 25´ 31″ N, 100° 26´ 21 ″ W, 530 m, 2 Aug 2002, P. Carrillo Reyes y E. Carranza 3272 (IEB, MEXU); Mun. Coyuca de Catalán, pasando Placeres del Oro rumbo a Puerto del Oro (Topotipo), 18°16´03.8″ N, 100°55´39.7″ W, 441 m, 21 Jun 2014, A. Paizanni Guillén et al. 191 (IEB); A 50m antes de llegar a Puerto del Oro (Topotipo) 18°16´18.6″ N, 100°56´32.0″ W, 536 m, 21 Jun 2014, A. Paizanni Guillén et al. 192 (IEB). Michoacán: Mun. Arteaga, 10 km de Arteaga, carr. a Cuatro, 24 Oct 2001, E. Carranza G. 6287 (IEB); 10 km de Arteaga, carr. a Cuatro Caminos, 24 Oct 2001, E. Carranza G. 6287 (IEB, MEXU). Mun. La Huacana, Sierra las Cruces, Cañada Las Cruces, ca. 6 km (by air) SW of Los Ranchos 18°40´20″ N, 102°3´40″ W, 600 m, 14 Aug 2004, V. W. Steinmann 4526 (IEB). Mun. Nocupétaro, 9 km al N de Nocupétaro, 28 Sep 1982, J. C. Soto N. 4625 (IEB). Tiquicheo de Nicolás Romero, en El Guayabo Saucón, 4 Sep 1982, J. C. Soto N. 4290 (IEB).A
Elevación
500 – 1600 mA
Ecología y Hábitat
Aristolochia cardiantha is distributed in the states Michoacán and Guerrero. This species grows in open secondary vegetation in tropical deciduous forest, tropical subdeciduous forest, on flat areas or in canyons.A
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Usos (notas)
Guerrero and Michoacán: to treat abdominal pain, diarrhea, broken bones, to cure livestock, and to accelerate post-labor relief; Michoacán: decoction of the roots is used to regulate menstruation; the roots and leaves boiled in water are used as contraceptive.A
Discusión taxonómica
Aristolochia cardiantha is vegetatively similar to A. foetida because of the cordiform leaves, straight; the lanate ovary, and the long peduncle or pedicel ((8-)9-12.5 x 0.01 mm), but the principal confusion between this species is when the flowers are inmature, because the flower of A. cardiantha is not widened at the base of the limb like at its maturity. However, Aristolochia cardiantha can be easily distinguished by its widely ovate limb, cordate at the base, pink-purplish to purplish red area, around the throat ringed starting with a slim line white, then maroon, occasionally the throat, yellow and with a margin white. The surface is anastomosing, and with a reticulate venation, covered by verrucose protuberances. Since 1970 this species was only known from its type location. In the present study, we have registered additional locations for this species and we noticed the coloration variation on the limb.A