Aristolochia nahua Paizanni & Santana Mich.
Descripción
Aristolochia nahua differs from Aristolochia buntingii and A. tresmariae by the orbicular to cordiform leaves and the tube widening at the basal part. Additionally, it can be distin- guished by the ovate to cordiform limb, which is acuminate at the apex, with a yellowish area covered with purplish red- papillose protuberances, and the throat reniform, minutely granular and glabrous.
Geophytic herb, procumbent, subterranean organs 18–25 ×0.5–0.8 cm; stems with 2–3 subterranean internodes, swollen nodes, 4–10 mm long; aerial internodes slightly geniculate, (1.8–)2.5–3.5(–5.5) cm long, sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Petioles terete, (0.6–)1.1–1.7(–2.5) × 0.1–0.6(–0.9) cm, green, sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Leaf blades orbicular to cordiform, discolorous, base cordate, apex obtuse, rarely apiculate, (2.0–)2.8–4.5(–7.5) × (1.7–)3.3–4.6(–7.4) cm; palmatinerved, actinodromous, margin entire; adaxial leaf side green, with septate trichomes, 0.7–1mm long,sparse and with acroscopic orientation; abaxial leaf side pale green with dense septate trichomes, especially along the veins. Flowers axillary, solitary, peduncles 5–10 × 0.5–0.8 mm. Bract ovate, 0.2–0.4 × 0.17–0.45 cm. Perianth geniculate, 1.3–1.9(–2.3) cm long, white-yellowish, becoming purple toward the limb, veins brown-yellow, dense septate trichomes along the veins; utricle obovoid to ellipsoid, 0.5–0.6 × (0.2–)0.3–0.5 cm, internal surface yellow, purple-dark toward the syrinx, covered with moniliform mucilaginous trichomes; tube bent 90°–120°, basally widened, 3.5–5(–6) × 3–5 mm, internal surface glabrous; limb ovate to cordiform, cordate at the base, acuminate at the apex, 0.5–0.7(–1) × 0.6–1cm; with a yellowish area covered by purplish red-papillose protuberances, in lateral view cup-shaped; throat reniform, dark-purple, minutely granular and glabrous; syrinx infundibuliform, eccentric, 2 mm long, 2mm wide at base and 1mm wide at apex. Gynostemium coroniform, stipitate, 2–3×1–2 mm; stipe 2–5(–6) mm long, stigmatic lobes 5, 0.6–1.3 mm long, anthers 5, 0.9–1.5 mm long. Ovary inferior, lanceolate, 5 × 1.3 mm, with sparse to dense septate trichomes. Fruit a capsule, spheroid, 0.68–0.95 × (0.8–)1–1.6 cm, green when young, brown-yellow when mature, with septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Seeds deltoid, 3.5–4× 3–4.5 mm, upper part black, lower part yellow-brown, with granular surface.A
Geophytic herb, procumbent, subterranean organs 18–25 ×0.5–0.8 cm; stems with 2–3 subterranean internodes, swollen nodes, 4–10 mm long; aerial internodes slightly geniculate, (1.8–)2.5–3.5(–5.5) cm long, sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Petioles terete, (0.6–)1.1–1.7(–2.5) × 0.1–0.6(–0.9) cm, green, sparsely covered with septate trichomes. Leaf blades orbicular to cordiform, discolorous, base cordate, apex obtuse, rarely apiculate, (2.0–)2.8–4.5(–7.5) × (1.7–)3.3–4.6(–7.4) cm; palmatinerved, actinodromous, margin entire; adaxial leaf side green, with septate trichomes, 0.7–1mm long,sparse and with acroscopic orientation; abaxial leaf side pale green with dense septate trichomes, especially along the veins. Flowers axillary, solitary, peduncles 5–10 × 0.5–0.8 mm. Bract ovate, 0.2–0.4 × 0.17–0.45 cm. Perianth geniculate, 1.3–1.9(–2.3) cm long, white-yellowish, becoming purple toward the limb, veins brown-yellow, dense septate trichomes along the veins; utricle obovoid to ellipsoid, 0.5–0.6 × (0.2–)0.3–0.5 cm, internal surface yellow, purple-dark toward the syrinx, covered with moniliform mucilaginous trichomes; tube bent 90°–120°, basally widened, 3.5–5(–6) × 3–5 mm, internal surface glabrous; limb ovate to cordiform, cordate at the base, acuminate at the apex, 0.5–0.7(–1) × 0.6–1cm; with a yellowish area covered by purplish red-papillose protuberances, in lateral view cup-shaped; throat reniform, dark-purple, minutely granular and glabrous; syrinx infundibuliform, eccentric, 2 mm long, 2mm wide at base and 1mm wide at apex. Gynostemium coroniform, stipitate, 2–3×1–2 mm; stipe 2–5(–6) mm long, stigmatic lobes 5, 0.6–1.3 mm long, anthers 5, 0.9–1.5 mm long. Ovary inferior, lanceolate, 5 × 1.3 mm, with sparse to dense septate trichomes. Fruit a capsule, spheroid, 0.68–0.95 × (0.8–)1–1.6 cm, green when young, brown-yellow when mature, with septicidal dehiscence at the apex. Seeds deltoid, 3.5–4× 3–4.5 mm, upper part black, lower part yellow-brown, with granular surface.A
Fructificación
SepA
Floración
Jul–SepA
Ejemplar revisado
MEXICO. Jalisco: Mun. Ejutla, 2 km al SE de La Labor, 9–10 km al E de San Miguel Hidalgo por la brecha a Coatlancillo, 19°55′20″N, 104°0′30″W, 1,000 m, 6 Aug 1996, F. J .Santana M. 8063 (ZEA); 1–2 km al NW de La Labor, 8 km al E de San Miguel Hidalgo,19°56′36″N, 104°0′43″W, 1,000 m, 7 Aug 1996, F. J .Santana M. 8037 (ZEA); 1 km al SW de La Labor, 20 km al ESE de El Limón, 19°55′40″N, 104°0′50″W, 950 m, 20 July 1996, F. J. Santana M. 8007 (ZEA); poblado Palmillas de abajo 3 km al E del municipio por la brecha San Juan Nigromante, 1,500 m, Sept 1990, O. Zepeda 42 (IBUG).A
Elevación
<1178 mA
Ecología y Hábitat
Aristolochia nahua is known from the municipalities of Tamazula and Ejutla in the state of Jalisco (Fig. 3), in secondary vegetation near sugar cane plantations, in gallery vegetation with Trichilia P. Browne and Lysiloma Benth., as well as elements of tropical forest, such as Bursera Jacq. ex L., Lasiocarpus Liebm., Acacia Mill. and Lysiloma Benth.A
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Usos (notas)
The root of this species is boiled and drunk. It is used to treat stomach pain and diarrhea.A
Bibliografía
A. Paizanni Guillén, A., Santana-Michel, F. J., Ramírez Amezcua J.M., Wagner S.T., Müeller S., Montero-Castro, J. C., Wanke, S. & Samain, M.-S. 2016: Four New Species of Aristolochia subsection Pentandrae from Western Mexico ser. 41, 1: 128–141. – Systematic Botany. https://doi.org/10.1600/036364416X690651