Bakerantha tillandsioides (André) L.B. Sm.
Descripción
Plants acaulescent, 20–60 cm, 20–30 cm diam., forming colonies of 2 to 10 or more rosettes. Leaves 20 to 45 per rosette; sheaths 2–5 × 2–5.5 cm; blades 60– 185 × 3–6.5 cm, light green, serrulate. Inflorescence 55–125 cm. Peduncle 28–48 cm, 0.8–1.4 cm diam. at base, green to purplish toward apex, internodes (1.5–) 2.3–4.7(–6.5) cm. Peduncle bracts long-attenuate, 7.7– 26 × 0.2–0.5 cm, green to brownish. Male inflorescence 2- to 3-divided, main axis 70–80 cm, internodes 1–4 (–5) cm; primary branches 4–20 cm, stipe 1–5 cm; secondary branches 2.5–8 cm; tertiary branches 1–1.8 cm. Floral bracts linear-triangular, acute to acuminate, 1–2 × 0.5–0.8 mm, pinkish. Pedicels 2–4 mm. Flowers with sepals ovate, acute, 1.1–2 × 0.6–1.2 mm, pinkish; corolla rotate; petals elliptic, acute, 3.5–4 × 1.1–2 mm, rose-pink to lilac; stamens 3–4.9 mm; pistillode 2–3.5 × 1–1.5 mm, white. Female inflorescence 2-divided panicle, main axis 28–35 cm, internodes 1–2.4 cm; primary branches (7–)9–23 cm, stipe 0.2–1.2 cm. Floral bracts linear-triangular, acuminate, 1.2–2 × 0.5–1 mm, purplish to light brown. Pedicels 1–2 mm. Flowers with sepals ovate, acute, 1.3 × 1.6 mm, purplish to pinkish; corolla rotate; petals elliptic, acute, 3.5–4 × 1.1–2 mm, recurved at anthesis, lilac; staminodes 0.6–1 × 0.5 mm; ovary ovoid, 2.6–3.2 mm, light brown to green, 18 to 21 ovules per ovary; stigmatic lobes 0.6–0.8 mm. Fruit 6–8 mm, 2.4–3 mm diam.; seeds ca. 2.7–3.2 mm, body brown. A
Floración
Apr–MayA
Fructificación
JunA
Forma de crecimiento
Hierba Plants acaulescent.A
Ejemplar revisado
MEXICO. Hidalgo: Mpio. Huehuetla, Huehuetla, orillas de Río Pantepec, 20°27′40.9″N, 98°04′08.8″W, 418 m, 13 Aug. 2018, Ramírez et al. 2331 (RBGRO-CICY living collection, 2021.023); El Pahdí, carretera San Clemente–Huahuetla, 100 m antes de los Planes, 20°24′22.5″N, 98°07′23.8″W, 892 m, 13 Aug. 2018, Ramírez et al. 2329 (CICY); Mpio. San Bartolo Tutotepec, 20°23′57.7″N, 98°11′09.4″W, 917 m, 9 Dec. 2011, Hornung-Leoni et al. 1275 ♀ (HGOM); cerca de la Capilla, carretera Huejutla a San Bartolo Totutepec, 20°23′57.7″N, 98°11′09.4″W, 948 m, 16 June 2015, Romero et al. 1144 ♀ fruits, 1145 ♂ (CICY); cerca de la Capilla, 20°23′57″N, 98°11′09″W, 920 m, 13 Aug. 2018, Ramírez et al. 2327 (CICY); Mpio. Tenango de Doria, camino San Bartolo a Huehuetla, ca. de La Capilla, 20°22′58.5″N, 98°11′50.6″W, 902 m, 24 Apr. 2012, Hornung-Leoni & González-Ledesma 1316 ♂; 13 Mar. 2020, Hornung-Leoni & González-Ledesma 1781 ♀ fruits (HGOM); Piedras Negras, 20°21′33.2″N, 98°12′11.4″W, 1325 m, s.d., Hornung-Leoni et al. 1264 (HGOM); carretera Piedras Negras a San Bartolo Tutotepec, 20°20′54″N, 98°13′49″W, 1153 m, 13 Aug. 2018, Ramírez et al. 2023, 2324 (CICY). Puebla: Mpio. Pahuatlán, carretera Acalapa a Cuauneutla de la Paz, 20°18′43″N, 98°05′53″W, 995 m, 16 Aug. 2018, Carnevali-Ramírez et al. 1355 (living collection, unvouchered); El Río, a 3 km al N de Pahuatlán, carr. a San Pablito, 20°18′N, 98°13′W, 850 m, 4 May 1989, Tenorio 15730 ♀/♂ fruits (IEB, MEXU); carretera de Pahuatlán a San Pablito, 20°17′33.5″N, 98°08′50″W, 767 m, 26 Apr. 2007, Ramírez et al. 1475 ♂, 1851 ♂ (CICY). A
Distribución
México (Country) endemicB: Hidalgo present; Puebla present
Elevación
400–700 mA
Tipo de vegetación
Bosque de neblina/mesófiloA
Tipo de vegetación (notas)
Semideciduous forests. This species have only been found in a small and restricted area at the southern area of Hidalgo and the adjacent area of northern Puebla. Plants grow on rocky cliffs of canyon rivers (e.g., Río San Marcos [Puebla] and Río Pantepec [Hidalgo]) and wet vertical walls (e.g., within the mesophilic subregion of San Bartolo Tutotepec in Huasteca Alta Hidalguense)A
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaC
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaD
Conservación
The EOO is 189.12 km2, within the threshold for Endangered status under subcriterion B1, and the AOO is estimated as 40 km2, which is below the threshold for Endangered status under subcriterion B2. Bakerantha tillandsioides is known from only 17 collections representing 10 occurrences, and seven to eight subpopulations, all made between 1912 and 2018. The oldest collection, the type specimen assigned many years after the species description, corresponds to a cultivated material without locality details; therefore, it was not included in our analysis. The rest of the collections were made between 1989 and 2018, between the political limits of the states of Hidalgo and Puebla. Collections in Hidalgo were collected along the road and near human settlements and are threatened by road impacts, urbanization, and shifting agriculture. Collections in Puebla were collected along the road, where they are threatened by road impacts and shifting agriculture. Populations of this species grow along river canyons or mountain slopes where they are threatened by urbanization, road impacts, and shifting agriculture. All these threats have a negative impact on the quality of their habitat and number of subpopulations. Consequently, these 10 occurrences represent seven locations (sensu IUCN, 2019) with regard to the most serious plausible threats (road impacts and shifting agriculture). Bakerantha tillandsioides is therefore assigned a preliminary status of Vulnerable [VU B1ab(iii, iv)+2ab(iii, iv)]. A
Discusión taxonómica
Bakerantha tillandsioides is the most widely misunderstood species of the genus Bakerantha. This species was named as Bakeria tillandsioides by André (1889) based on a staminate cultivated plant by M. A. de la Devansaye (Fresne, France). André named this genus in honor of Kew’s bromeliologist John G. Baker. In the original description, the staminate flowers of this specimen were mistaken for perfect flowers (hermaphrodites). It was also indicated in the protologue that the genus Barkeri a shares features of the ovary with members of Brocchinia Schult. f. ex Schult. & Schult. f. (Brocchinioideae), although it differs in the shape of the leaves, and also shares a similar perianth with members of Cottendorfia Schult. & Schult. f. (Navioideae). Later, Smith (1934) proposed the name Bakerantha, since this name had already been used for a group in Araliaceae (see above). However, after a review of B. tillandsioides and Hechtia purpusii (= Bakerantha purpusii) type material, it was found that the flowers of B. tillandsioides material did not correspond to perfect flowers, so it was a dioecious plant that corresponded morphologically to the Hechtia species (Smith, 1951). Later, two names were synonymized under this species (H. purpusii and H. caerulea), presumably due to the lack of documentation of the species of the genus or morphological similarities (Smith, 1951; Espejo-Serna et al., 2010). Recent morphological revisions and phylogenetic analysis clarify the limits of B. tillandsioides, showing that the great variation documented for this species in fact corresponded to three different species, which are morphologically and geographically distinctive. Bakerantha tillandsioides differs morphologically from other Bakerantha species by having long-acaulescent rosettes (vs. caulescent in B. caerulea), with relatively short inflorescences (55–125 cm) compared with B. caerulea (110–185 cm), but is similar to those of B. hidalguensis (55–120 cm); the flowers show rotate corollas (vs. campanulate in B. hidalguensis), while the petals in the pistillate flowers are recurved during anthesis (vs. reflexed) and the petals are short (3.5–4 mm; compared with B. caerulea [4.5–5 mm] and B. hidalguensis [4–6 mm]) and lilac to pinkish in color (vs. cerulean in B. caerulea and lilac to mauve in B. hidalguensis). A
Bibliografía
A. Romero-Soler, K. J., Ramírez-Morillo, I., Hornung-Leoni, C., González Ledesma, M. & al. 2024+: A taxonomic revision of the mexican genus Bakerantha hechtioideae, Bromeliaceae). – Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 109: 1-23. – Missouri Botanical Garden. http://doi.org/10.3417/2024840
B. Romero-Soler, K. J., Ramírez-Morillo, I., Hornung-Leoni, C., González Ledesma, M. & al. 2024+: A taxonomic revision of the mexican genus Bakerantha hechtioideae, Bromeliaceae). – Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 109: 1-23. – Missouri Botanical Garden. http://doi.org/10.3417/2024840
D. SEMARNAT: MODIFICACIÓN del Anexo Normativo III, Lista de especies en riesgo de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, Protección ambiental-Especies nativas de México de flora y fauna silvestres-Categorías de riesgo y especificaciones para su inclusión, exclusión o cambio-Lista de especies en riesgo, publicada el 30 de diciembre de 2010. – https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5578808&fecha=14/11/2019#gsc.tab=0 [accessed 2023-12-10 15:14]