Bakerantha lundelliorum (L.B. Sm.) I. Ramírez & K. Romero
Descripción
Plants caulescent, 100–150(–200) cm, 20–80 cm diam., forming dense colonies of 2 to 14 or more rosettes. Leaves many per rosette; sheaths 4–6 × 3–8 cm; blades 80–200 × 4–7 cm, light green, serrulate. Inflorescence 50–180 cm. Peduncle 50–80 cm, 0.8–2 cm diam. at base, green, internodes 1.9–5 cm. Peduncle bracts long-attenuate to acuminate, 5–45 × 0.8–1 cm, light brown. Male inflorescence 3-divided, main axis 100–130 cm, internodes 2.7–4.5 cm; primary branches 18–40 cm, stipe 2–12.5 cm; secondary branches 6–15 cm; tertiary branches 3–5.5 cm. Floral bracts ovate, acute, 1–1.5 × 0.6 mm, green, margin entire to sinuous. Pedicels 1.4–2.5 mm. Flowers with sepals ovate to triangular, acute, 1.2–1.7 × 0.6–1 mm, light brown with white or slightly rose to margin; corolla rotate; petals oblong to elliptic, rounded, 3.5–4.1 × 2.2–2.4 mm, white occasionally colored in reddish at apex; stamens 3.7–4.5 mm; pistillode 1.6–2.2 × 1.3–1.6 mm, white. Female inflorescence 2- to 3-divided panicle, main axis 50–80 cm, internodes 2–5 cm; primary branches 17–38 cm, stipe 7–12 cm; secondary branches 14–17 cm; tertiary branches 2–4 cm. Floral bracts linear-triangular to ovate, acute, 1.5 × 1.3 mm, green to light brown. Pedicels 1.4–1.7 mm. Flowers with sepals ovate, acute, 1.5 × 0.9–1.3 mm, green to light brown to apex; corolla rotate; petals oblong to elliptic, rounded, 4.1–4.5 × 1.7–2 mm, recurved at anthesis, white occasionally colored in reddish at apex; staminodes 1.5–1.9 × 0.5 mm; ovary ovoid, 3.7–4.5 mm, light green, 22 to 35 ovules per ovary; stigmatic lobes 1.4–1.8 mm. Fruit 5–7 mm, 2–3 mm diam.; seeds ca. 3.5 mm, body brown. A
Floración
Mar–JunA
Fructificación
Apr–JulA
Forma de crecimiento
Hierba Plants acaulescent.A
Ejemplar revisado
MEXICO. Apr. 1964, Wilson & Billing 59 ♂ (US). Hidalgo: Km. 354, just S of Tamazunchale, high on rocky cliff faces, 13 Nov. 1983, Foster & Glass 1114 (HNT); Mpio. Chapulhuacán, 21°10′03.1″N, 98°57′43.7″W, 533 m, 8 Dec. 2010, Hornung-Leoni et al. 1207 ♀ (HGOM); 30 km al S de Tamazunchale hacia Zimapán, [21°09′41″N, 98°54′12″W], 1600 m, 22 Apr. 1988, Martínez 1684 ♀, 1685 ♂ (MEXU); El Carrizal, 4 km después de Chapulhuacán, rumbo a Tamazunchale, 21°11′22″N, 98°54′13″W, 780 m, 21 Apr. 2007, Espejo et al. 6966 ♀, 6967 ♂ (UAMIZ, XAL); Tamazunchale-Ixmiquilpan, [21°11′42″N, 98°54′16″W], 500 m, Ehlers s.n. ♀ (WU); Cerro Boludo, 3.5 km antes de Chapulhuacán, 21°11′19.7″N, 98°54′12.5″W, 764 m, 13 June 2019, Romero-Soler et al. 1263 (HGOM, RBGRO-CICY living collection, 2021.021); 5 km del desvío de la Carretera Federal 85 a Pisaflores, 21°10′10.4″N, 98°57′48.4″W, 721 m, 14 June 2019, Romero-Soler et al. 1264 ♀ fruits (HGOM); 7.7 km después de Neblinas, carretera a Tepehuacán de Guerrero, 21°07′00″N, 98°53′00″W, 562 m, Romero-Soler et al. 1265 (RBGRO-CICY living collection, 2021.019); Mpio. Jacala, Jacala–San Nicolás, 20°59′01.6″N, 99°10′09.6″W, 1263 m, 13 May 2012, Hornung-Leoni et al. 1368 ♂ (HGOM); Jacala–San Nicolás, 4 km después del desvío a San Nicolás, 20°58′43″N, 99°10′43″W, 1242 m, 14 Aug. 2018, Ramírez et al. 2356 ♀ fruits (CICY, RBGRO-CICY living collection, 2021.022); Mpio. Lolotla, carretera Hidalgo Otongo–Santa Ana de Allende, 4.5 km después de Minera Autlán, camino a Tlanchinol, 20°58′13.3″N, 98°43′22.9″W, 1175 m, 14 June 2019, Romero-Soler et al. 1267a ♀ fruits, 1267b ♂ (HGOM); Mpio. Pisaflores, cabecera municipal a la orilla del arroyo 9 km O de Chapulhuacan, 21°10′43.78″N, 98°59′6.85″W, 300 m, 3 May 2006, Castillo-Gutiérrez 1452 ♀ (MEXU); Mpio. Tepehuacán de Guerrero, tramo Zacatacal San Simon 2 km al ENE-E de cabecera municipal, 21°01′12.97″N, 98°49′24″W, 500 m, Castillo-Gutiérrez 1577 ♀ (MEXU); Tepehuacán de Guerrero a Tamala, carretera Hidalgo Otongo–Santa Ana de Allende, 21°00′40″N, 98°49′23″W, 712 m, 14 June 2019, Romero-Soler et al. 1266 (RBGRO-CICY living collection, 2021.020). San Luis Potosí: Mpio. Axtla de Terrazas, 4 km después del desvío a Xilitla de la Carretera Federal No. 85, 21°25′34″N, 98°52′27″W, 181 m, 27 Apr. 2007, Ramírez et al. 1491 ♂ (CICY, MEXU, SEL, WU), 1850 ♂ (CICY), 2149 ♂ (CICY), 2425 ♂ (CICY, SEL), 1491a ♀ fruits (CICY, WU), 1850a ♀ (CICY, WU); Mpio. Tamazunchale, Tamazunchale, [21°15′41″N, 98°48′03″W], [150 m], 12 Apr. 1960, Van Hyning 6066 (US); on cliffside near Tamazunchale along old Mexico City Hwy., [21°15′41″N, 98°48′03″W], [150 m], 16 Apr. 1960, Ford M79 (TEX); 2 mi. al S de Tamazunchale, [21°15′13″N, 98°48′48″W], [160 m], 9 Apr. 1948, Kenoyer & Crum 3940 (GH); 3 mi. N of Tamazunchale, [21°16′31″N, 98°45′56″W], [250 m], 7 Apr. 1975, Harriman & Jansen 12304 ♀ (ASU); 2 roadmiles N of Tamazuchale on Hwy. 85, 21°17′N, 98°46′W, 250 m, 4 May 1983, Yatskievych & Wollenweber 83-122 ♀ fruits (IND); 2 mi. N of Tamazuchale on Hwy. 85, 21°17′N, 98°46′W, 250 m, 27 Apr. 2009, Luther s.n. ♀ fruits (SEL); 20 km al SW de Tamazunchale, sobre carretera a Chapulhuacán, [21°13′34″N, 98°54′00″W], 600 m, 12 Apr. 1988, Rzedowski 46333 ♀ (ENCB, IBUG, MEXU, MICH), 46334 ♂ (ENCB, GUADA, IBUG, IZTA, MEXU, MICH, SLPM, TEX, UCR, UJAT, XAL); [21°15′23″N, 98°50′04″W]; 1 km después de Tamazunchale, rumbo a Chapulhuacán, 21°09′34″N, 98°35′45″W, 120 m, 21 Apr. 2007, Espejo et al. 6964 ♀, 6965 ♂ (CIIDIR, UAMIZ); camino de La Fortuna a Tlacuilola, orillas del Río Amajac, 21°15′14.6″N, 98°48′47.6″W, 138 m, 13 June 2019, Romero-Soler et al. 1262 (HGOM); Mpio. Xilitla, aprox. 10 km carretera Xilitla–Huichihuayán, [21°25′30″N, 98°56′22″W], 390 m, Carranza 4616 ♂ (MEXU, UAMIZ, XAL); carretera de Ahuacatlán a Xilitla, 21°21′34.5″N, 99°01′58.0″W, 762 m, 13 June 2019, Romero-Soler et al. 1260 ♂ (HGOM); Carretera Federal 120, Xilitla a desvío a Axtla de Terrazas, 21°23′34.4″N, 98°59′04.2″W, 582 m, 13 June 2019, Romero-Soler et al. 1261 (HGOM). Querétaro: Mpio. Landa de Matamoros, 10 km al SE de Agua Zarca, sobre el camino a Pisaflores, [21°11′57″N, 99°03′05″W], 800 m, 16 May 1987, Rzedowski 43305 ♂ (CICY); 4 km al N de Tilaco, por la brecha a Santa Inés, [21°10′17″N, 99°10′07″W], 1250 m, 14 Apr. 1988, Zamudio 6283 ♂ (ENCB, MEXU, MICH, XAL), 6284 ♂ (ENCB, MEXU, QMEX, TEX); cañada entre Las Mesitas y Tangojó, [21°10′25″N, 99°06′34″W], 800 m, 17 Apr. 1988, Zamudio 6329 ♂ (CHAPA, MEXU, QMEX); 2 km al S de Mazacintla, por el camino al Río Moctezuma, [21°09′40″N, 99°21′34″W], 1150 m, 18 May 1988, Zamudio & Carranza 6470 ♀ (IZTA, MEXU, MICH, QMEX, TEX); 3.5 km después de Tilaco, rumbo a Santa Inés, 21°10′12″N, 99°09′50″W, 1050 m, 15 Apr. 2000, Ceja et al. 1074 ♀ fruits (IEB, UAMIZ); 3.5 km después de Tilaco rumbo a Santa Inés, 21°10′26″N, 99°09′42″W, 1213 m, 15 July 2006, Ramírez & Zamudio 1437 ♀ fruits (CICY, WU); camino de Matzacintla al río Moctezuma, cañada con orientación SE, 21°09′14″N, 99°20′04″W, 1100 m, 15 July 2006, Ramírez & Zamudio 1430 ♀ fruits, 2312 ♀ (CICY); Carretera Tilaco a Santa Ines, Reserva de la Biosfera Sierra Gorda, 21°10′14.8″N, 99°10′04.6″W, 1166 m, 12 June 2019, Romero-Soler et al. 1259a ♀ fruits, 1259b ♂ (HGOM). A
Distribución
México (Country) endemicB: Hidalgo present; Querétaro de Arteaga present; San Luis Potosí present
Elevación
100–1250 mA
Tipo de vegetación
Bosque de neblina/mesófiloA
Tipo de vegetación (notas)
Its populations inhabit mostly caducifolious and semideciduous forests at elevations between 100 and 1250 m. Plants of this species grow on mountain slopes and rocky cliffs of canyon rivers (e.g., the Moctezuma river basin), and wet vertical walls, within the Sierra Madre Oriental and the Veracruzan biogeographical provinces.C
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaD
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaE
Conservación
The EOO is 2996.6 km2, within the threshold for Endangered status under subcriterion B1, and the AOO is estimated as 96 km2, which is below the threshold for Endangered status under subcriterion B2. Bakerantha lundelliorum is known from 50 collections representing 34 occurrences, and 21 to 23 subpopulations, all made between 1937 and 2019. A few old collections could not be included in the analysis, due to lack of a precise locality. All collections made in Hidalgo, San Luis Potosí, and Querétaro states are located along roads and near human settlements. Populations of this species are prone to threats such as road impacts, urbanization, shifting agriculture, livestock, and surface mining, which will potentially destroy the original vegetation, having a negative impact on the quality of their habitat and number of subpopulations. Consequently, these 34 occurrences represent 16 locations (sensu IUCN, 2019) with regard to the most serious plausible threats (road impacts and urbanization). Bakerantha lundelliorum is not severely fragmented and does not meet the threshold of any threatened categories under criterion B. Also, none of the occurrences of the species are expected to disappear in the near future, which means the species cannot be considered for a threatened category according to criterion A. Therefore, B. lundelliorum is assigned a preliminary status of Least Concern (LC). A
Discusión taxonómica
This species was described as Hechtia lundelliorum by Smith (1938), based on a sample with fruits collected by Cyrus L. Lundell and Amelia A. Lundell (Lundell & Lundell 7265) around Tamazunchale in San Luis Potosí. Another name that has been associated with this species is H. integerrima M. B. Foster (Ramírez-Morillo et al., 2018a). Hechtia integerrima was previously considered as a synonym of H. caerulea by K. Burt-Utley (annotated in the holotype material of H. integerrima [US-2479888]), Smith and Downs (1974), and Espejo-Serna et al. (2020). However, we consider that this name is actually a synonym of B. lundelliorum. The name H. integerrima was proposed by Foster (1968), based on a cultivated staminate plant that bloomed in his collection in Orlando, Florida (U.S.A.). As mentioned by Foster in the protologue of the species, information on the locality of the origin of the material is unknown. When comparing this specimen (Foster 3072) and the description in the protologue with B. lundelliorum and B. tillandsioides, it falls within the morphological characteristics of the former. The flowers of this specimen are similar to the staminate flowers of B. lundelliorum by having short pedicels (ca. 2 mm), small sepals (ca. 1 mm) and petals (ca. 3 mm), and white petals. Unlike these, in B. caerulea, the pedicels, sepals, and petals are larger (see previous description), and the petals are cerulean in color at anthesis and seen only as white after anthesis. In his description, Foster mentions that H. integerrima has entire margins, hence the name of its specific epithet, something that characterizes B. caerulea. However, we could not corroborate this variation in Foster’s specimen, but we have observed in several individuals of B. lundelliorum that they may have diminutively serrated margins, which appear to be entire. This type of margin has also gone unnoticed in the original description of B. tillandsioides, as explained by Smith (1951). Bakerantha lundelliorum differs from other Bakerantha species by its white petals (B. purpusii) having long leaves (80–200 cm vs. [18–]25–50 cm), long inflorescences (50–180 cm vs. up to 100 cm), differences in branching pattern, with 3-branched inflorescences in males and 2- to 3-branched inflorescences in females (vs. 2-branched in both sexes), short petals (3.5–4.5 mm vs. 4–6 mm), elliptic to oblong petals (vs. widely elliptic petals), and wide geographical distribution (Hidalgo, Querétaro, and San Luis Potosí vs. Veracruz).A
Bibliografía
A. Romero-Soler, K. J., Ramírez-Morillo, I., Hornung-Leoni, C., González Ledesma, M. & al. 2024+: A taxonomic revision of the mexican genus Bakerantha hechtioideae, Bromeliaceae). – Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 109: 1-23. – Missouri Botanical Garden. http://doi.org/10.3417/2024840
B. Romero-Soler, K. J., Ramírez-Morillo, I., Hornung-Leoni, C., González Ledesma, M. & al. 2024+: A taxonomic revision of the mexican genus Bakerantha hechtioideae, Bromeliaceae). – Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 109: 1-23. – Missouri Botanical Garden. http://doi.org/10.3417/2024840
C. Román Vazquez, J. & Bedolla-García, B. Y. 2024+: Onocleaceae Flora del Bajío, 238: 1-12. – Pátzcuaro, Michoacán.: Instituto de Ecología, A.C.. http://doi.org/10.21829/fb.593.2024.238
E. SEMARNAT: MODIFICACIÓN del Anexo Normativo III, Lista de especies en riesgo de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010, Protección ambiental-Especies nativas de México de flora y fauna silvestres-Categorías de riesgo y especificaciones para su inclusión, exclusión o cambio-Lista de especies en riesgo, publicada el 30 de diciembre de 2010. – https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5578808&fecha=14/11/2019#gsc.tab=0 [accessed 2023-12-10 15:14]