Lycianthes orogenes Standl. & Steyerm.
Descripción
Shrub, erect, 1–3 m tall. Indument of white to light brown, uniseriate, multicellular, simple, eglandular, patent to curved and appressed-ascending trichomes 0.25–0.75 mm long. Stems green when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, compressed upon drying in a plant press, woody with age; upper sympodial branching points monochasial or dichasial. Leaves simple, the leaves of the upper sympodia usually paired and unequal in size, the larger ones with blades 8–18 × 2–6 cm, the smaller ones with blades 2–6.5 × 1–3 cm, the leaf pairs usually similar in shape, the blades ovate (sometimes narrowly) to elliptic, membranaceous to thin chartaceous, sometimes with purple color along the veins, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, the base cuneate to attenuate, sometimes oblique, the margin entire, usually undulate, the apex acute to acuminate, the petiole 0.2–3.3 cm long, sometimes ab sent, the larger leaf blades with 4–6 primary veins on each side of the midvein. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2–7, axillary, erect to nodding; peduncles absent; pedicels 15–30 mm and erect to arching in flower, to 40 mm long, arching to deflexed in fruit, usually glabrous; calyx 1.5–2.5 mm long, 3–4 mm in diameter, campanulate, glabrous, the margin truncate, with 10 erect to slightly spreading, slightly flattened appendages 1–1.5 mm long emerging 0.25–0.5 mm below the calyx rim; fruiting calyx enlarged, widely bowl-shaped, 1.5–2.5 mm long, 6–7 mm in diameter, the appendages 1–2.5 mm long, spreading; corolla 0.7–1.6 cm long, campanulate to reflexed in orientation, entire to slightly stellate in outline, divided ca. 1/5 of the way to the base, with interpetalar tissue, white, sometimes with purple markings on the adaxial side near the stamen insertion, glabrous; stamens unequal, the four shorter filaments 1–1.5 mm long, the one long filament 2–3 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 3–4 mm long, lanceolate, free of one another, yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores round, dehiscing distally or towards the pistil, not opening into longitudinal slits; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style 6–7 mm long, linear, straight, glabrous, the stigma capitate to oblong, decurrent down two sides. Fruit a berry, 5–8 mm long, 5–10 mm in diameter, ovoid, globose, or depressed globose, green when immature, purple at maturity, glabrous, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds 10–50 per fruit, 2–2.5 × 1.5–2 mm, flattened, reniform in outline with deep notch on one side, orange-brown in center with yellow-orange margin, the surface reticulum with minute serpentine pattern and shallow luminae.
Chromosome number. Unknown.A
Chromosome number. Unknown.A
Floración
Aug–SepA
Fructificación
Aug–FebA
Forma de crecimiento
ArbustoA
Ejemplar revisado
Type. Guatemala. Chimaltenango: southwestern slopes of Volcán de Fuego, above Finca Montevideo, along Barranco Espinazo, 1200–1600 m, 20 Sep 1942, J.A. Steyermark 52104 (holotype: F [0072921F, acc. # 1148518]; isotype: US [00027892]).
Representative specimens examined. Guatemala. Alta Verapaz: San Cristóbal, Finca Pamac II, 15.3980, -90.5883, 2179 m, 16 Aug 2015, E. Car 35 (BIGU). Baja Verapaz: Unión Barrios, top of hill, W of km 153/154, 16 Aug 1975, C.L. Lundell 19655 (LL, F, MO). Chimaltenango: lower and middle southwestern slopes of Volcán Fuego, above Finca Montevideo, along Barranco Espinazo and tributary of Río Pantaleón, 1200–1600 m, 20 Sep 1942, J.A. Steyermark 52104 (US). Mexico. Chiapas: 3 km al O de la carretera San Cristóbal de las Casas-Tenejapa, sobre el camino a Mat zala, [16.6651, -92.5487], [2500 m], 29 Sep 1983, E. Cabrera C. 5773 (MEXU).A
Representative specimens examined. Guatemala. Alta Verapaz: San Cristóbal, Finca Pamac II, 15.3980, -90.5883, 2179 m, 16 Aug 2015, E. Car 35 (BIGU). Baja Verapaz: Unión Barrios, top of hill, W of km 153/154, 16 Aug 1975, C.L. Lundell 19655 (LL, F, MO). Chimaltenango: lower and middle southwestern slopes of Volcán Fuego, above Finca Montevideo, along Barranco Espinazo and tributary of Río Pantaleón, 1200–1600 m, 20 Sep 1942, J.A. Steyermark 52104 (US). Mexico. Chiapas: 3 km al O de la carretera San Cristóbal de las Casas-Tenejapa, sobre el camino a Mat zala, [16.6651, -92.5487], [2500 m], 29 Sep 1983, E. Cabrera C. 5773 (MEXU).A
Elevación
1200–2300 mA
Ecología y Hábitat
Mexico (Chiapas) and Guatemala (Alta Verapaz, Baja Verapaz, Chimaltenango) in cloud forest, including oak forest.A
Tipo de vegetación
Bosque de neblina/mesófilo, Bosque de encinoA
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaC
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaD
Conservación
Lycianthes orogenes is a rarely collected species of Mexico and Guatemala, represented by only five collections, none of which is from a protected area. The EOO is 19,783.690 km2 , and the AOO is 20 km2 . Based on the IUCN (2019) criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Endangered (EN).A
Discusión taxonómica
Lycianthes orogenes is an undercollected species of cloud forests in Chiapas and Guatemala that is morphologically similar to L. manantlanensis and L. barbatula, with which it shares slender elongate pedicels and white flowers. Lycianthes orogenes has calyx appendages that are intermediate in length between the two other species, and it lacks the trichomes in the leaf axils that are present in L. barbatula. Although the mature fruits have been reported in the literature as green (Gentry and Standley 1974; Rodríguez and Vargas 2002), they are reported as purple on specimen labels, and the immature fruits are green. Specimens of L. manantlanensis from some areas of Guatemala and El Salvador have sometimes been misidentified as L. orogenes.
The phenological record is incomplete, due to the paucity of specimens, and there is very little information on the diurnal movements of the corollas.
The phenological record is incomplete, due to the paucity of specimens, and there is very little information on the diurnal movements of the corollas.
Bibliografía
A. Dean, E., Poore, E., Anguiano-Constante, M. A., Nee, M. H., Kang, H., Starbuck, T., Rodrígues, A. & Conner, M. 2020: The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala. – PhytoKeys 168: 1- 333
B. Dean, E., Poore, E., Anguiano-Constante, M. A., Nee, M. H., Kang, H., Starbuck, T., Rodrígues, A. & Conner, M. 2020: The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala. – PhytoKeys 168: 1- 333
D. SEMARNAT 2019: MODIFICACIÓN del Anexo Normativo III, Lista de especies en riesgo de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010: 101 pp. – https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5578808&fecha=14/11/2019#gsc.tab=0 [accessed 2023-05-04 06:16]
E. Gentry, J. L. & Standley, P. C. 1974: Solanaceae. – Fieldiana, Bot. Flora of Guatemala Vol. 24, Part X, Numbers 1-2
G. Rodríguez, A. & Vargas, O. 2002: Lycianthes manantlanensis (Solanaceae), a new speciesfrom Mexico. – Novon 12(2): 245-248. http://doi.org/10.2307/3392962