Lycianthes jalicensis Dean, E.
Descripción
Shrub, 0.3–2.2 m tall, from horizontal rhizomes. Indument white to tan, uniseriate, multicellular, simple, eglandular, appressed (usually appressed-ascending) trichomes 0.1–1.25 mm long. Stems green to purple (drying greenish tan) with purple (drying blackish) lenticular vertical striations and purplish nodes when young, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, not much compressed when dried in a plant press, becoming brown and woody with age; upper sympodial branching points mostly monochasial, sometimes dichasial. Leaves simple, the leaves of the upper sympodia usually paired and unequal in size, the larger ones with blades 5.5–15 (22) × 2.9–8.7 (11) cm, the smaller ones with blades 2–9 (12) × 1.3–4.9 (7) cm, the leaf pairs similar in shape, the blades ovate, elliptic, or obovate, chartaceous, glabrous to sparsely pubescent, the base cuneate to truncate (rounded on small leaves), sometimes oblique, the margin entire, usually irregularly undulate, the apex acuminate, the petiole 0.1–1.5 (2.5) cm long, the larger leaf blades with 5–7 primary veins on each side of the midvein. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2–7, axillary, oriented horizontally; peduncles absent; pedicels 5–30 mm long and erect in flower, 11–29 mm long and erect in fruit, glabrous (rarely sparsely pubescent); calyx 2.5–4 mm long, 2.5–5.5 mm in diameter, campanulate, glabrous to sparsely puberulent, the margin truncate, with 10 spreading, linear appendages 1–5.5 mm long emerging 0.5–1 mm below calyx rim; fruiting calyx enlarged, widely bowl-shaped to rotate, 1.5–3.5 mm long, (3.5) 5–8 mm in diameter, the appendages to 6 mm long; corolla (1) 1.4–2.3 cm long, campanulate in orientation (sometimes opening wider by tearing), mostly entire in outline (with shallow notches), with abundant interpetalar tissue, adaxially white and glabrous with no markings, the abaxial side of the lobes green, glabrous to sparsely puberulent; stamens unequal, straight, the four short filaments 0.5–2 mm long, the one long filament 4–7 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 4–6 mm long, lanceolate, free of one another, yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores ovate, the pores of the longest stamen dehiscing toward the style, the pores of the shorter stamens usually dehiscing away from the style, not opening into longitudinal slits; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style 6–11 mm long, linear, slightly curved downward, glabrous, the stigma oblong, decurrent down two sides. Fruit a berry, 6–10 mm long, 7–12 mm in diam eter, globose, red at maturity, glabrous, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds 20–40 per fruit, 2–3 × 1.5–2 mm, flattened, depressed ovate in outline, tan to light brown, the surface reticulum with minutely pitted serpentine pattern and shallow luminae.
Chromosome number. n = 12, from Iltis 29181, count reported on herbarium label as done by Leslaw Przywara, July 1984, apparently unpublished.A
Chromosome number. n = 12, from Iltis 29181, count reported on herbarium label as done by Leslaw Przywara, July 1984, apparently unpublished.A
Floración
Jun–NovA
Fructificación
Aug–Dec(–Mar)A
Forma de crecimiento
ArbustoA
Ejemplar revisado
Type. Mexico. Jalisco: S of Puerto Vallarta and N of El Tuito, along hwy. 200, 20.3 road km S of Playa Mismaloya, W side of the road, along footpath that follows small drainage, 500 m, 13 Aug. 1991, E. Dean 248 (holotype: DAV [DAV158081]; isotypes: IEB [000183677], MEXU [MEXU01195794], NY [00687933], UC [1797878], XAL [XAL0106678]).
Representative specimen examined. Mexico. Jalisco: streamside bottoms and steep lower erosive wooded slopes of La Calera, a deep narrow valley cut into the SW-facing slope of Sierra de Manantlán Occidental, just NW of km 188 marker on Autlán-Manzanillo hwy (Mex 80), 9 km (by air) NNE of La Resolano (Casimiro Castillo) and ca 16 km SSE of Autlán, [19.6778, -104.4084], 800–1100 m, 10 Mar 1992, Iltis 31037 (DAV, WIS).A
Representative specimen examined. Mexico. Jalisco: streamside bottoms and steep lower erosive wooded slopes of La Calera, a deep narrow valley cut into the SW-facing slope of Sierra de Manantlán Occidental, just NW of km 188 marker on Autlán-Manzanillo hwy (Mex 80), 9 km (by air) NNE of La Resolano (Casimiro Castillo) and ca 16 km SSE of Autlán, [19.6778, -104.4084], 800–1100 m, 10 Mar 1992, Iltis 31037 (DAV, WIS).A
Elevación
350–1350 mA
Ecología y Hábitat
Mexico (Jalisco) in tropical moist forest, tropical dry forest or in oak forest, often near drainages.A
Tipo de vegetación
Selva mediana, Selva baja, Bosque de encinoA
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaC
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaD
Conservación
Lycianthes jalicensis is currently only knownfrom the state of Jalisco, Mexico, represented by 27 collections, only two from protected areas. The EOO is 6,855.367 km2, and the AOO is 92 km2. Unfortunately, the lands where this species grows are vulnerable due to recent land use changes. Based on the IUCN (2019) criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Vulnerable (VU).A
Discusión taxonómica
Lycianthes jalicensis occurs at the low elevations and in habitats that can also be inhabited by the widely distributed L. arrazolensis; some populations of L. arrazolensis also share the white, campanulate corollas and seeds found in L. jalicensis. The two species differ in that L. jalicensis has longer pedicels (the length more similar to that of L. tricolor), has glabrous calyces and corollas, and usually has larger floral dimensions than L. arrazolensis. Lycianthes jalicensis can be distinguished from L. tricolor by having unnotched seeds, more glabrous calyces and flowers, and lower elevational range (Dean et al. 2017a).
Field observation of the corollas indicates that they are open in the early morning and closed by late morning (Dean et al. 2017a).A
Field observation of the corollas indicates that they are open in the early morning and closed by late morning (Dean et al. 2017a).A
Bibliografía
A. Dean, E., Poore, E., Anguiano-Constante, M. A., Nee, M. H., Kang, H., Starbuck, T., Rodrígues, A. & Conner, M. 2020: The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala. – PhytoKeys 168: 1- 333
B. Dean, E., Poore, E., Anguiano-Constante, M. A., Nee, M. H., Kang, H., Starbuck, T., Rodrígues, A. & Conner, M. 2020: The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala. – PhytoKeys 168: 1- 333
D. SEMARNAT 2019: MODIFICACIÓN del Anexo Normativo III, Lista de especies en riesgo de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010: 101 pp. – https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5578808&fecha=14/11/2019#gsc.tab=0 [accessed 2023-05-04 06:16]
E. Dean, E.A., Reyes, M., Fauré, R., Walden, G.K., Brandon, D. & McNair, D.M. 2017: dentification of the Species of Lycianthes series Tricolores (Capsiceae, Solanaceae). – Syst. Bot. 42(1): 191–209. http://doi.org/10.1600/036364417X694566