Lycianthes pringlei (B.L. Rob. & Greenm.) Bitter
Descripción
Shrub, to 2 m tall. Indument of grey, uniseriate, multicellular, simple, glandular and eglandular, spreading trichomes (0.25) 0.5–1.5 (2.5), often glabrate with age. Stems pale green-brown and herbaceous when young, moderately pubescent, not much compressed when dried in a plant press, becoming brown and woody with age, often glabrate; upper sympodial branching points dichasial and monochasial. Leaves simple, the leaves of the upper sympodia usually paired and unequal in size, the larger ones with blades (6) 8–14 (18.5) × 3–9 cm, the smaller ones with blades 3–10 × 1.9–5.6 cm, the leaf pairs similar in shape, the blades widely ovate, elliptic, or obovate, chartaceous, moderately pubescent, the base truncate to short-attenuate, sometimes oblique, the margin entire, usually irregularly undulate, the apex acute to acuminate, the petiole (0.2) 1–4 (5) cm long, the larger leaf blades with 4–6 (7) primary veins on each side of the midvein. Flowers solitary or in groups of 2–3, axillary, oriented horizontally; peduncles absent; pedicels (5) 20–35 (45) mm long and erect to arching in flower, 12–35 mm long and erect to arching in fruit, moderately pubescent; calyx 3–7.5 mm long, 3–7.5 (11) mm in diameter, urceolate to campanulate, mostly glabrous except for spreading trichomes at the base near the juncture with the pedicel, the margin undulate, sometimes torn and the calyx appearing lobed, with 10 small triangular appendages 0.25–1.5 mm emerging 1–2 mm below calyx rim, these often reduced to oval protuberances 0.25–1 mm in diameter; fruiting calyx enlarged, widely bowl-shaped, 3–4 mm long, 7–12 mm in diameter, the appendages not enlarging, darkening in color; corolla 0.7–2 cm long (1.4–2.5 cm in diameter), slightly campanulate to rotate in orientation, entire in outline, with abundant interpetalar tissue, adaxially pale lilac to blue-purple with darker purple markings on the lobes, glabrous, abaxially pale lilac to blue-purple, glabrous; stamens unequal, straight, the four short fila ments 1–4 mm long, the one long filament 3–7 mm long, glabrous, the anthers 3–3.5 mm long, elliptic, free of one another, yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores ovate, dehiscing distally, not opening into longitudinal slits; pistil with glabrous ovary, the style 6–10 mm long, linear, slightly curved, glabrous, the stigma capitate, slightly bilobed. Fruit a berry, 7–20 mm long, 5–12 mm in diameter, ovoid, orange to red at maturity, glabrous, lacking sclerotic granules. Seeds 90–200 per fruit, 0.8–1.7 × 0.6–1.5 mm, flattened but not flat, rounded on the edges, depressed ovate to round in outline, tan-orange to reddish brown, the surface reticulum pitted with loose serpentine pattern and deep luminae.A
Floración
Jun–JanA
Fructificación
Aug–MarA
Forma de crecimiento
ArbustoA
Ejemplar revisado
Type. Based on Solanum pringlei B.L.Rob. & Greenm. Type: México.
Jalisco: mountain cañons near Guadalajara [isotypes say Sierras near L. Chapala],
18 Nov 1892, C. Pringle 5343 (holotype: GH [00077531]; isotypes: MEXU
[MEXU00028862, MEXU00029069], US [00027755], VT [UVMVT026445]).
Representative specimens examined. Mexico. Guerrero: 4 km al sur de Tetipac, sobre el camino Tetipac-Taxco, [17.6355, -99.6487], 1820 m, 5 Dec 1982, E.M. Martínez-Salas 2863 (MEXU, NY). Jalisco: Área Natural Protegida Piedras Bola, 20.6489, -104.0435, 1947 m, 29 Oct 2011, M.A. García Martínez 128 (IBUG, MEXU). México: Nanchititla, [18.8346, -100.4071], 27 Nov 1935, Hinton 8750 (CAS, GH, NY). Michoacán: La Alberca de Teremendo de los Reyes, 19.8064, -101.4556, 2072 m, 15 Oct 2013, J. Contreras L. 93 (MEXU).A
Jalisco: mountain cañons near Guadalajara [isotypes say Sierras near L. Chapala],
18 Nov 1892, C. Pringle 5343 (holotype: GH [00077531]; isotypes: MEXU
[MEXU00028862, MEXU00029069], US [00027755], VT [UVMVT026445]).
Representative specimens examined. Mexico. Guerrero: 4 km al sur de Tetipac, sobre el camino Tetipac-Taxco, [17.6355, -99.6487], 1820 m, 5 Dec 1982, E.M. Martínez-Salas 2863 (MEXU, NY). Jalisco: Área Natural Protegida Piedras Bola, 20.6489, -104.0435, 1947 m, 29 Oct 2011, M.A. García Martínez 128 (IBUG, MEXU). México: Nanchititla, [18.8346, -100.4071], 27 Nov 1935, Hinton 8750 (CAS, GH, NY). Michoacán: La Alberca de Teremendo de los Reyes, 19.8064, -101.4556, 2072 m, 15 Oct 2013, J. Contreras L. 93 (MEXU).A
Distribución
México (Country) endemicB: Guerrero present; Jalisco present; Michoacán de Ocampo present; México present
Elevación
1750–2100 mA
Ecología y Hábitat
Mexico (Guerrero, Jalisco, México, Michoacán), in oak, oak-pine, tropical dry forest, and xerophilous scrub, often in moist or seasonally wet habitat, on volcanic soils.A
Tipo de vegetación
Selva mediana, Matorral de otro tipo, Bosque de pino-encino, Bosque de encinoA
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaC
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaD
Conservación
Lycianthes pringlei is a rarely collected species of western Mexico, represented by 36 collections, none of which is from a protected area. The EOO is 49,603.413 km2 , and the AOO is 128 km2. Based on the IUCN (2019) criteria, the preliminary assessment category is Endangered (EN).
Discusión taxonómica
The calyx of Lycianthes pringlei, with its undulate margin that may look bilabiate and poorly developed appendages which often appear as elongated dark bumps, is uncommon in the genus. This feature, in combination with the very glandular pubescence and reddish-orange ovoid fruits, differentiate this shrub from all other species of Lycianthes in the flora area (Dean et al. 2007).
The first author observed in the field that the corollas are open in the morning and closed by afternoon.A
The first author observed in the field that the corollas are open in the morning and closed by afternoon.A
Bibliografía
A. Dean, E., Poore, E., Anguiano-Constante, M. A., Nee, M. H., Kang, H., Starbuck, T., Rodrígues, A. & Conner, M. 2020: The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala. – PhytoKeys 168: 1- 333
B. Dean, E., Poore, E., Anguiano-Constante, M. A., Nee, M. H., Kang, H., Starbuck, T., Rodrígues, A. & Conner, M. 2020: The genus Lycianthes (Solanaceae, Capsiceae) in Mexico and Guatemala. – PhytoKeys 168: 1- 333
D. SEMARNAT 2019: MODIFICACIÓN del Anexo Normativo III, Lista de especies en riesgo de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010: 101 pp. – https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5578808&fecha=14/11/2019#gsc.tab=0 [accessed 2023-05-04 06:16]