Operculina pinnatifida (Kunth) O'Donell
Descripción
Herbaceous twiners; roots enlarged, perennial; sap unknown. Stems 1–3 m, cylindrical or angular when dried, glabrous. Leaf blades ovate in outline, 2–12 3 2–11 cm, base cordate to subtruncate, margins pinnately lobed or pinnately dissected, lobes often 5 to 9, linear, oblong, ovate or less commonly obovate or irregularly lobed, middle segment linear, ovate-lanceolate to ovate, mostly long acuminate, lobe bases often constricted, both sides sparsely hairy along veins; petioles 1–6.5 cm, sparsely pubescent near base. Inflorescences axillary, flowers 2 or 3 in monochasial cymes or solitary; peduncles 3–12 cm, glabrous, sometimes winged in upper portion; bracts lanceolate to linear, 7–10 mm; pedicels 12–20 mm, enlarged toward apex, sometimes angular and slightly alate, clavate in fruit. Flower diurnal, ascending to erect, odorless. Sepals subequal, 15–16 mm, convex, all glabrous; 2 outer obovate, 10–13 mm wide, apex rounded, obtuse, or truncate, mucronate; 3 inner obovate, 9–13 mm wide, margins scarious, paler. Corollas campanulate, white, 3.5–5 3 4–5 cm, midpetaline bands hirsute with long trichomes, tiny gland dots not evident. Stamens included, equal or unequal (2 short, 2 medium, 1 long); filaments 15–19 mm, basally adnate for 1/2 their length, bearded along margins of adnate portion, filamentous, free and glabrous above insertion point; anthers 7–9 mm, white, spirally dehiscent, bases subsagittate. Pollen 3-zonocolpate. Pistil included, equaling stamens, glabrous; disc annular; ovary ovoid, 2 mm, 2-locular; style filamentous; stigma biglobose. Fruiting calyx cupping fruit; sepals pale brown, papery, sometimes with blackish blotches. Capsules subglobose to depressed globose, 1.5–2 cm diam., pale brown; operculum 1–1.5 cm diam., dark brown; endocarp hyaline, translucent. Seeds 4 or fewer, subglobose, weakly carinate, 5–7 mm, dull black, glabrous; hilum C-shaped, black, glabrous.A
Forma de crecimiento
Hierba, EnredaderaA
Fructificación
Jun–OctA
Floración
Jun–NovA
Ejemplar revisado
Selected specimens examined [96 collections]. GUATEMALA. Huehuetenango: Santa Ana Huista, 26 Aug. 1942, J. A. Steyermark 51336 (F, NY). Pet ´en: La Libertad, 4 Apr. 1933, C. L. Lundell 2477 (F, GH); s. loc., 30 May 1933, C. L. Lundell 3504 (F, L, S). MEXICO.Chiapas:Ocozocoautla, 830 m, 18 Apr. 1972, D. E. Breedlove 24623 (DS, MO, NY); Venustiano Carranza Mpio., Rancho Carmen, 2600 m, 3 May 1966, R. M. Laughlin 877 (DS, F). Guerrero: Coyuca, Cutzamala de Pinzón, 18°28ʹ04ʺN, 100°34ʹ51ʺW, 9 May 1935, G. B. Hinton et al. 7748 (GH); Galeana, Atoyac, 22 Nov. 1937, G. B. Hinton et al. 10952 (F, GH, MO, NA, NY); Iguala, Aug. 1905, Rose 9317 (NY); Rincon de Villa, 700 m, 5 Aug. 1962, E. Matuda 37310 (GH). México State: Temascaltepec, 19 Sep. 1933, G. B. Hinton 4772 (GH). Michoacán de Ocampo: Tacupa, Huetamo, 18 Jan. 1934, G. B. Hinton et al. 5503 (F, GH, MO); Tizupan distr., Coalcomán, 18°47ʹN, 103°09ʹW, 20 June 1939, G. B. Hinton et al. 13819 (GH). Morelos: Cuernavaca, 1 Sep. 1972, D. F. Austin et al. 5037 (FAU); Yautepec, 18°53ʹN, 99°04ʹW, 17 June 1901, C. G. Pringle 9645 (GH). Nuevo León: Montemorelos, 17 July 1971, J. D. Dwyer et al. 22 (MO). Oaxaca: Almoloya, 17 June 1910, Orcutt 5237 (MO); Laguna, 850 m, 5 June 1895, E. W. Nelson 2646 (type GH, NY, US); s. loc., July 1937, Williams 9786 (F). Quintana Roo: Chichancanab, 38 m, s.d., G. F. Gaumer 1372 (F, GH, MO, U); same locality, G. F. Gaumer 1865 (B, C, F, GH, L, MO). San Luis Potosí: Canoas, 21°59ʹN, 100°22ʹW, 15 July 1890, C. G. Pringle 3553 (type F, GH); Ciudad Valles vic., 21°59ʹ47ʺN, 99°00ʹ39ʺW, 27 Apr. 1972, E. Matuda et al. 38436 (GH); Rascón, June 1905, E. Palmer 668 (F, GH, NY, US); San Dieguito, June 1904, E. Palmer 112 (type GH, US); Tamazunchale, 10 July 1937, M. T. Edwards 477 (F, GH, MO, UC); Tancanhuitz, s.d., E. W. Nelson 4369 (US). Sinaloa: Culiacan, 6 Sep. 1904, T. S. Brandegee s.n. (GH, UC, US); Labradas, W of railroad track, 23°47ʹN, 106°22ʹW, 27 Sep. 1925, R. S. Ferris & Y. Mexia 5243 (GH); Villa Union, 75 m, 4 Sep. 1967, R. L. Oliver et al. 828 (MO). Sonora: Jeberojaquia, 10 m, 20 Oct. 1994, S. L. Friedman et al. 435-94 (ARIZ, ASU, FAU); Huatabampo, Agiabampo, 27°12ʹN, 109°31ʹW, anno 1890, E. Palmer 781 (GH, K, NY, U, US). Tabasco: Tenosique Mpio., Estapilla, 27 June 1939, E. Matuda 3508 (F, GH, MO, NA, NY). Tamaulipas: Hacienda Buena Vista, 16 June 1919, Wooton s.n. (US); Gomez Farias vic., 22°53ʹ01ʺN, 99°01ʹ34ʺW, 13–21 Apr. 1907, E. Palmer 329 (GH); El Lim´on, edge of canal, 22°49ʹ30ʺN, 99°00ʹ18ʺW, 30 Aug. 1948, K. L. Kenoyer & Crum 3636 (GH); Tampico, 15 m, June 1910, E. Palmer 569 (F, MO, NY, US); Victoria, E. Palmer 389 (F, GH, MO, NY, US); Xicotencatl roadside, 20°33ʹ50ʺN, 98°12ʹ31ʺW, 29 Aug. 1948, K. L. Kenoyer & Crum 3470 (GH). Veracruz: Acazónica, July 1919, C. A. Purpus 8404 (GH, MO, NY); Baños el Carrizal, 19°19ʹ16ʺN, 96°37ʹ45ʺW, Aug. 1912, C. A. Purpus 6238 (GH); Boca del Río Mpio., S of Boca del Río, 17 July 1977, J. D. Dwyer 14555 (BM, MEXU, MO); Panuco Mpio., 10 km before Ebano, 22°10ʹ01ʺN, 98°08ʹ48ʺW, 13 Aug. 1970, F. Chiang 33 (GH); Pueblo Viejo, 15 m, 23–31 May 1910, E. Palmer 414 (GH, MO, NY, US); Rio Atoyac, 24 Mar. 1970, R. W. Long et al. 3159 (F, FAU, USF). Yucatán: Mérida, 26 Aug. 1972, D. F. Austin et al. 5018 (FAU); Izamal, 20°56ʹN, 89°01ʹW, 15–20 m, anno 1895, G. F. Gaumer 596 (BR, C, F, GH, MO, NY, U, UC); SE of Kancabdzonot, May 1919, G. F. Gaumer et al. 23877 (GH); Opichén Mpio., Calcehtok, 20°33ʹ00ʺN, 89°54ʹ27ʺW, 30–100 m, 30 July 1998, F. May et al. 1240 (CICY); Suitun, 20°51ʹN, 88°56ʹW, June 1916, G. F. Gaumer et al. 23362 (ECON, F, GH); Chichen Itza, in forest Valladolid, 29 June 1932, Steere 1653 (F). S. loc.: Karwinsky 602 (H); Linden 300 (BR). U.S.A. Texas: Cameron Co., Barreda Station, Brownsville, only occurs betw. Olmito & San Benito, 15 Oct. 1936, Runyon 2398 (TEX); Barreda, 4 July 1939, Runyon 3155 (TEX); Russelltown, 14 Sep. 1940, Runyon 2008 (F); San Benito, Ferris et al. 3212 (MO); Cameron Co., s. loc., 4 July 1939, Runyon 5149 (M).
Carranza (2008: 99–100) and McDonald (1993: 89–90) cited additional Mexican specimens of O. pinnatifida. However, we have not verified the identifications for these records.
Cultivated. U.S.A. Florida: Palm Beach Co., Boca Raton, cultivated in garden at 135 Pine Circle for M.S. thesis, 1978, G. Staples s.n. (FAU).A
Carranza (2008: 99–100) and McDonald (1993: 89–90) cited additional Mexican specimens of O. pinnatifida. However, we have not verified the identifications for these records.
Cultivated. U.S.A. Florida: Palm Beach Co., Boca Raton, cultivated in garden at 135 Pine Circle for M.S. thesis, 1978, G. Staples s.n. (FAU).A
Nombres comunes
(México (país)): aak' k'oon tin k'iinA, chiquincesA, chukinsisA, kump ak-koontikinA, xa-kontikinA Español (Guatemala): quiebra cajeteA Español (México (país)): gallinitaA, mantoA, pata de galloA Español (Norteamérica al N de México): correvuela de las doceA Inglés (Norteamérica al N de México): tansy-leaf lid-podA
Distribución
Centroamérica: Belice PresenteA; Guatemala PresenteA, México (país) NativoA: Chiapas Presente; Guerrero Presente; Michoacán de Ocampo Presente; Morelos Presente; México Presente; Nuevo León Presente; Oaxaca Presente; Quintana Roo Presente; San Luis Potosí Presente; Sinaloa Presente; Sonora Presente; Tabasco Presente; Tamaulipas Presente; Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave Presente; Yucatán Presente, Norteamérica al N de México PresenteA
Elevación
0 – 300(– 800) mA
Ecología y Hábitat
Ecology. A twiner often found in grasslands and thickets, it grows among the grass-herbaceous layer, or climbs into shrubs and low trees. Habitats and environments reported on collection labels include: chaparral; dry roadside in shrub forest; grassy slope with scattered trees and shrubs; Sinaloan thornscrub; and vegetacion herbacea con arboles o arbustos de poca altura, en sitios expuestos sobre suelos calcareo [herbaceous vegetation with low-growing trees or shrubs, in exposed sites on limestone soils] (F. May et al. 1240). Substrates reported are rich alluvial soil, clay, and limestone. Vegetation associates mentioned include Acacia Mill. (frequently), Annona L., Bursera Jacq. ex L., Daphnopsis Mart., Erythrina flabelliformis Kearney, Gliricidia Kunth, and Ziziphus amole (Sess´e & Moc.) M. C. Johnst.A
Tipo de vegetación
Pastizal de otro tipo, Bosque de otro tipo, Matorral de otro tipoA
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Discusión taxonómica
Typification. Although the type of Convolvulus pinnatifidus is labeled as originating in Cuba, no subsequent collections have ever been made there. O’Donell (1950: 433) thoroughly investigated the situation, including visits to three herbaria in Havana during a trip in 1948, and concluded that there was very likely a label mix-up: a specimen from Mexico was mislabeled as originating in La Habana. Based on an inquiry to Prof. Dr. Walter Lack, he informed us (Lack, pers. comm. 2008) that the specimens collected by Humboldt and Bonpland conserved in the Herbier Bonpland at Paris are to be considered the holotypes for names published by Humboldt, Bonpland and Kunth; see Lack (2003) for details.
Convolvulus triflorus Sess´e & Moc. was reduced to synonymy under Operculina pinnatifida by McDonald (1993: 85, 1997: 69); see Insufficiently Known Species for further details regarding the typification and nomenclature for this name.A
Convolvulus triflorus Sess´e & Moc. was reduced to synonymy under Operculina pinnatifida by McDonald (1993: 85, 1997: 69); see Insufficiently Known Species for further details regarding the typification and nomenclature for this name.A
Bibliografía
A. Staples, G. W., Simoes, A. R. & Austin, D. F. 2020: A Monograph of Operculina (Convolvulaceae). – Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 105 (1): 64-138. https://doi.org/10.3417/2020435
C. SEMARNAT 2019: MODIFICACIÓN del Anexo Normativo III, Lista de especies en riesgo de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010: 101 pp. – https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5578808&fecha=14/11/2019#gsc.tab=0 [accessed 2023-05-04 06:16]