Asplenium monanthes L.
Descripción
Roots thin, wiry, not proliferous; rhizomes erect; rhizome scales bicolorous, central portion occluded, margins brown, clathrate, apices long-attenuate and uniseriate at tips, 4–6 X 0.5–0.8 mm, entire; fronds clumped, mostly (15–)25–70 cm long; stipes castaneous to atropurpureous, 2–15(–30) cm X 1–2 mm, 1⁄5–1⁄3 of frond length, glabrous, adaxially sometimes with narrow brownish wings 0.1–0.2 mm; blades 1-pinnate, linear, 15–40(–60) X 1–3.5(–4.5) cm, apices pinnatifid, not proliferous or sometimes with buds in axils of proximal pinnae on older fronds; rachises castaneous to atropurpureous, lustrous, with sparse to scattered, twisted, hair-like scales 1–2 mm long, adaxially with brownish wings 0.1–0.3 mm wide; pinnae quadrangular to oblong, to 60 pairs, 6–22 X 2–7 mm, reduced proximally (lowest deltate, ca. 1⁄3 the length of the longest ones), sessile, dimidiate, basiscopic edges straight, acroscopic edge slightly auriculate at the base, crenulate with mucronate teeth or subentire, sinuses to 0.8 mm deep; veins simple or 1-forked (2-forked at acroscopic base), tips evident adaxially; indument abaxially of scattered, appressed, tan, clavate hairs 0.1–0.3 mm long; sori often 1–3 per pinna, often confined to basiscopic side and parallel to the margin, or 2–4 pairs per pinna on both sides of midveins; indusia 2–3(–5) X 1 mm, margins entire; spores reniform; 2n=108, apogamous (Ver, Oax).A
Forma de vida
TerrestreA
Ejemplar revisado
BCS (Carter 2360, ARIZ, DS, MEXU, UC, US). Chih (Correll & Gentry 23242, UC, US). Chis (King 2798, NY, UC, US). Coah (Villarreal 5666, CHAPA, MEXU). Col (Goldsmith 47, UC). DF (Copeland herb. 66, UC). Dgo (Goodding 2148, UC). Gro (Mexia 9025, ARIZ, CAS, MO, UC, US). Gto (Díaz B. 3053, ENCB, IEB). Hgo (Barnett et al. 78, MO, UC). Jal (Díaz L. 5317, UC). Méx (Vera Santos 2214, UC). Mich (King & Soderstrom 5220, NY, UC, US). Mor (Lyonnet 1381, MEXU, MO). Nay (Mexia 707a, UC). NL (Dorr 2598, MO, UC). Oax (Breckon & Christman 627, UC). Pue (Purpus 6433, UC). Qro (Zamudio & Díaz B. 5287, ENCB, IEB). Sin (Breedlove 16862, CAS). SLP (Parry & Palmer 978, MO, NY). Son (Martín et al. s.n., ARIZ). Tam (Stanford et al. 2072, DS, MO, NY, UC, US). Tlax (Sánchez & Acosta P. 631, CIB). Ver (Nee 32916, UC). Zac (Rose 2726, US).
Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Ags (González-Adame 605, HUAA, cited by Siqueiros-Delgado & González-Adame, 2004, but not verified).A
Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Ags (González-Adame 605, HUAA, cited by Siqueiros-Delgado & González-Adame, 2004, but not verified).A
Elevación
(900 –)1450 – 3600 mA
Ecología y Hábitat
On rocky slopes.A
Tipo de vegetación
Bosque de pino-encinoA
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Discusión taxonómica
Asplenium monanthes is a common and variable species nearly throughout Mexico. The prominent hydathodes adaxially on the blades distinguish it from Asplenium resiliens, A. heterochroum, and A. palmeri. Asplenium castaneum and A. polyphyllum differ in having non-occluded clathrate rhizome scales, lighter redbrown rachises, and more pairs of sori per pinna. Asplenium monanthes is most often confused with A. hallbergii (which see), which differs in having papillate rachis wings and short (1–2 mm long) occluded rhizome scales.
In its typical form, perhaps representing 80% of the specimens seen, A. monanthes bears 1–3 sori on only the basiscopic sides of pinnae. In this feature, it can be easily distinguished from many of the other related taxa already mentioned. However, in southern Mexico, especially Oaxaca and Chiapas, many plants (but a small minority of the specimens) have been collected that have 2–3 sori (to 5 in Breedlove 22670, DS, MEXU, from Chiapas) on the acroscopic sides of the pinnae; Ventura A. 2546 (IEB), from Distrito Federal, Koch 7559 (MEXU), from Edo. México, and López V. 113 (XAL), from Veracruz, are also unusual in having sori along both sides of the costae of each pinna. Some specimens from western Mexico, especially from Sinaloa (e.g., Correll & Correll 28863, LL), also show this tendency. Pringle 11256 (MO), from Distrito Federal, has the pinna size, shape, and soriation of A. hallbergii, but lacks the papillate adaxial rachis wings of that species and the indusia are entire; thus, it will key to A. monanthes. Further study may show that these variants represent a separate species, or are apogamous variants of this or related species.
One of the most extreme forms of A. monanthes is Breedlove 21707 (DS, NY), which has 3–4 pairs of sori per pinna, nearly blackish stipes and rachises, and broad pinnae 7–8 mm wide with rounded tips. This specimen appears to represent an undescribed species in the A. monanthes group, but more material is needed to be more certain of its discreteness.
A few specimens of A. monanthes, e.g., Díaz B. & Carranza 6601 (IEB), from Querétero, bear buds or plantlets in the axils of proximal pinnae.
A
In its typical form, perhaps representing 80% of the specimens seen, A. monanthes bears 1–3 sori on only the basiscopic sides of pinnae. In this feature, it can be easily distinguished from many of the other related taxa already mentioned. However, in southern Mexico, especially Oaxaca and Chiapas, many plants (but a small minority of the specimens) have been collected that have 2–3 sori (to 5 in Breedlove 22670, DS, MEXU, from Chiapas) on the acroscopic sides of the pinnae; Ventura A. 2546 (IEB), from Distrito Federal, Koch 7559 (MEXU), from Edo. México, and López V. 113 (XAL), from Veracruz, are also unusual in having sori along both sides of the costae of each pinna. Some specimens from western Mexico, especially from Sinaloa (e.g., Correll & Correll 28863, LL), also show this tendency. Pringle 11256 (MO), from Distrito Federal, has the pinna size, shape, and soriation of A. hallbergii, but lacks the papillate adaxial rachis wings of that species and the indusia are entire; thus, it will key to A. monanthes. Further study may show that these variants represent a separate species, or are apogamous variants of this or related species.
One of the most extreme forms of A. monanthes is Breedlove 21707 (DS, NY), which has 3–4 pairs of sori per pinna, nearly blackish stipes and rachises, and broad pinnae 7–8 mm wide with rounded tips. This specimen appears to represent an undescribed species in the A. monanthes group, but more material is needed to be more certain of its discreteness.
A few specimens of A. monanthes, e.g., Díaz B. & Carranza 6601 (IEB), from Querétero, bear buds or plantlets in the axils of proximal pinnae.
A