Elaphoglossum erinaceum T.Moore
Descripción
Rhizomes short-creeping, to 7 mm diam.; rhizome scales linear, orange to castaneous, to 17 mm long, entire or with very irregular teeth near the tips; fronds clumped, 23–73 X 2.3–8 cm; phyllopodia absent; stipes 1⁄3–1⁄2 the frond length, with scales dark reddish brown, subulate, widely spreading, to 5 mm long, also with minute erect glandular hairs on stipes and costae; blades lanceolate to elliptic, chartaceous, apices acuminate to caudate, bases cuneate to rounded; veins evident, free, simple or once-forked, 1–2 mm apart, at 70–80° angle to costa; hydathodes absent; blade scales subulate, dark reddish brown, often appearing black (orange-tan in var. occidentale), mostly on the midveins and spreading from the margins, also with minute, simple, branched, or stellate hairs on the abaxial surfaces; fertile fronds considerably shorter than the sterile (ca. 1⁄2 the length of the sterile) and somewhat narrower, lanceolate to linear-lanceolate, with a noticeable sterile margins, scales absent on the abaxial surfaces; spores with broad, low, smooth ridges.A
Forma de vida
Epipétrica, Epífita, TerrestreA
Tipo de vegetación
Bosque de pino-encino, Bosque de neblina/mesófilo, Selva altaA
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Discusión taxonómica
Key to the Mexican Varieties of Elaphoglossum erinaceum
Scales of blade margins black to dark reddish brown; eastern Mexico.............var. erinaceum.
Scales of blade margins orange-tan; western Mexico. .............var. occidentale.
Elaphoglossum erinaceum var. erinaceum
Acrostichum crinitum M.Martens & Galeotti, Mém. Foug. Mexique: 25. 1842
Acrostichum nitidum Liebm., Kongel. Danske Vidensk.-Selsk. Skr. V(1): 168 (seors. 16). 1849
Acrostichum mexicanum E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 1: 63. 1872
Elaphoglossum mexicanum (E.Fourn.) A.Rojas, Revista Biol. Trop. 51(1): 42. 2003
Differing from var. occidentale by the black to dark reddish brown (vs. orange-tan) blade margin scales and its occurrence in southern and eastern (vs. western) Mexico.
Distribution. Epiphytic and epipetric in montane rain forests and cloud forests; 800–2800 m. Mexico; Guat, Salv, Hond, Nic, CR, Pan; Gr & L Ant; Col, Ven, Ec, Peru, Braz, Bol.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 22347, NY; Méndez G. 8041, MEXU; Riba 1373, UAMIZ). Hgo (Alonzo s.n., 29 Jul 1978, FCME). Oax (Anderson & Anderson 4728, NY; Mickel 4904, 5646, NY). Pue (Campos V. 499, NY; Orcutt 4009, MEXU). Ver (Lorence 3873, NY).
Elaphoglossum erinaceum belongs to a very perplexing group. The Mexican material shows considerable variation in blade size and relative width, rhizome scale size and color, degree of scaliness, and habitat. Further study may show this material to represent more than one taxon. Of special note are Mickel 1083 and 5646 (both Oaxaca, NY), which have very large blades (8.5–10 cm wide, 45–50 cm long), long stipe scales (4–8 mm) and large rhizome scales (ca. 1 cm long and 2 mm wide). These may in fact represent a distinct species, in which case the name would be E. fimbriatum T. Moore.
Elaphoglossum erinaceum var. occidentale Mickel, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88: 289 (-290; f.133K). 2004
var. erinaceo paleis laminarum melleis brevibus et distributione geographica occidentali distincta. (L., occidentalis, western, alluding to the westerly distribution of this variety in Mexico.)
Distribution. Terrestrial on moist shaded banks in pine-oak or broad-leaved evergreen forests; 1400–2600 m. Mexico.
Specimens Examined. Gro (Lorea 2225, NY; Rzedowski 23682, 26011, NY). Jal (Boutin & Brandt 2570, NY; McVaugh 14319, 21439, 23196, NY). Méx (Bartholomew 2968, NY; Purpus 1594, UC). Mich (Arsène s.n., 13 Dec 1910, MICH; García & Nava 3069, NY; Hinton 15609, PH; Rzedowski 25175, ASU, NY; Yatskievych 81-417, NY). Mor (Lyonnet 2863, US; Pringle 6546, CAS, MEXU, MSC, UC, 15713, MSC, UC, US; Sánchez 394, MEXU). Qro (Díaz B. & Carranza 6557, IEB, MEXU). Sin (Quin s.n., 20 Jan 1982, ARIZ; Vega A. 3131, ENCB).
Specimens from western Mexico, Sinaloa to Guerrero, generally have scales of blade margins orange-tan rather than brown to black and often shorter (1–2 vs. 3–4 mm), though the scale size is quite variable.A
Scales of blade margins black to dark reddish brown; eastern Mexico.............var. erinaceum.
Scales of blade margins orange-tan; western Mexico. .............var. occidentale.
Elaphoglossum erinaceum var. erinaceum
Acrostichum crinitum M.Martens & Galeotti, Mém. Foug. Mexique: 25. 1842
Acrostichum nitidum Liebm., Kongel. Danske Vidensk.-Selsk. Skr. V(1): 168 (seors. 16). 1849
Acrostichum mexicanum E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 1: 63. 1872
Elaphoglossum mexicanum (E.Fourn.) A.Rojas, Revista Biol. Trop. 51(1): 42. 2003
Differing from var. occidentale by the black to dark reddish brown (vs. orange-tan) blade margin scales and its occurrence in southern and eastern (vs. western) Mexico.
Distribution. Epiphytic and epipetric in montane rain forests and cloud forests; 800–2800 m. Mexico; Guat, Salv, Hond, Nic, CR, Pan; Gr & L Ant; Col, Ven, Ec, Peru, Braz, Bol.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 22347, NY; Méndez G. 8041, MEXU; Riba 1373, UAMIZ). Hgo (Alonzo s.n., 29 Jul 1978, FCME). Oax (Anderson & Anderson 4728, NY; Mickel 4904, 5646, NY). Pue (Campos V. 499, NY; Orcutt 4009, MEXU). Ver (Lorence 3873, NY).
Elaphoglossum erinaceum belongs to a very perplexing group. The Mexican material shows considerable variation in blade size and relative width, rhizome scale size and color, degree of scaliness, and habitat. Further study may show this material to represent more than one taxon. Of special note are Mickel 1083 and 5646 (both Oaxaca, NY), which have very large blades (8.5–10 cm wide, 45–50 cm long), long stipe scales (4–8 mm) and large rhizome scales (ca. 1 cm long and 2 mm wide). These may in fact represent a distinct species, in which case the name would be E. fimbriatum T. Moore.
Elaphoglossum erinaceum var. occidentale Mickel, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88: 289 (-290; f.133K). 2004
var. erinaceo paleis laminarum melleis brevibus et distributione geographica occidentali distincta. (L., occidentalis, western, alluding to the westerly distribution of this variety in Mexico.)
Distribution. Terrestrial on moist shaded banks in pine-oak or broad-leaved evergreen forests; 1400–2600 m. Mexico.
Specimens Examined. Gro (Lorea 2225, NY; Rzedowski 23682, 26011, NY). Jal (Boutin & Brandt 2570, NY; McVaugh 14319, 21439, 23196, NY). Méx (Bartholomew 2968, NY; Purpus 1594, UC). Mich (Arsène s.n., 13 Dec 1910, MICH; García & Nava 3069, NY; Hinton 15609, PH; Rzedowski 25175, ASU, NY; Yatskievych 81-417, NY). Mor (Lyonnet 2863, US; Pringle 6546, CAS, MEXU, MSC, UC, 15713, MSC, UC, US; Sánchez 394, MEXU). Qro (Díaz B. & Carranza 6557, IEB, MEXU). Sin (Quin s.n., 20 Jan 1982, ARIZ; Vega A. 3131, ENCB).
Specimens from western Mexico, Sinaloa to Guerrero, generally have scales of blade margins orange-tan rather than brown to black and often shorter (1–2 vs. 3–4 mm), though the scale size is quite variable.A