Pecluma alfredii (Rosenst.) M.G.Price
Descripción
Rhizomes short-creeping, 3–7 mm diam.; rhizome scales light to dark reddish brown, 1–2 X 0.8–1 mm, ovate, rounded to acute at tips, entire; fronds 10–60 cm long, clumped; stipes dark reddish brown to brown, 1/6–2/5 the frond length, with acicular hairs 0.1–0.2(–0.5) mm; blades pectinate, narrowly ovate, 4–6.5 cm wide; rachises abaxially with many tan, bullate or cordate, entire, acute scales ca. 2 mm long; pinnae linear, 2–5 cm X 1.5–3 mm, greatly reduced and deflexed at blade bases, bases of pinnae equilateral or more surcurrent, apices obtuse to acute, costae of proximal pinnae decurrent onto the rachises; veins free, 1-forked; indument adaxially of scattered hairs 0.1–0.3 mm on costae, laminar surfaces glabrous, abaxially the costal surfaces between veins with appressed hairs 0.1–0.2 mm, margins with occasional hairs 0.3–0.5 mm, or marginal hairs absent; sori round, medial, with clavate paraphyses 0.5–0.8 mm; sporangia glabrous; spores reniform, 64 per sporangium.A
Forma de vida
o Epipétrica. EpífitaA
Elevación
600 – 3050 mA
Ecología y Hábitat
On dry exposed banks.A
Tipo de vegetación
Bosque de encinoA
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Uso
MedicinalA
Usos (notas)
Concoctions of which are used to treat snake bite and infections of the urinary tract.A
Discusión taxonómica
Pecluma alfredii is unique in having the combination reddish brown, ovate rhizome scales, and ovate-cordate, often bullate scales along the rachises abaxially. There is great variability in stipe and rachis color (reddish brown to nearly blackish), hair density and location (pinna margins glabrous or hairy), and size of pinnae. Var. alfredii is restricted to Costa Rica and is distinguished by the pinnae completely lacking hairs along the margins and the glabrescent rachises abaxially.
Key to the Mexican Varieties of Pecluma alfredii
Rachis scales linear-lanceolate abaxially................var. occidentalis
Rachis scales ovate-cordate abaxially......................var. cupreolepis
Pecluma alfredii var. cupreolepis (A.M.Evans) A.R.Sm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88: 437. 2004
Pecluma cupreolepis (A.M.Evans) M.G.Price, Amer. Fern J. 73(4): 114. 1983
Differing from var. occidentalis in having ovate-cordate scales on the rachises abaxially; pinna margins usually with at least a few hairs.
Distribution. Epiphytic or epipetric, pine-oak forests; 1250–2600 m. Mexico; Guat, Hond (Kimnach 400a, UC), Salv, Nic, CR.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 31941, DS). Col (Goldsmith 40, UC). DF (Purpus 1828, NY, US). Dgo (Sánchez 726, MEXU). Gro (Breedlove 65115, CAS). Jal (Wilbur & Wilbur 1927, DS, US). Méx (Weller 596, ENCB, UC). Mich (Rzedowski & de la Sota 18336, ENCB, NY, US). Mor (Hinton 17208, ENCB, NY). Oax (Mickel 5013, 6206, NY, UC). Pue (Lyonnet 460900007, MEXU). Sin (Gentry 6337, DS, NY). Tam (Stanford et al. 2055, NY).
Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Hgo (Pringle 13475, US, cited by Evans, 1968, but not verified; this no. also cited as P. sursumcurrens, MICH, from Edo. Puebla, Honey Station, by Evans, 1968). Qro (Amaneyro s.n., ENCB, and Fernández 4070, 4270, ENCB, cited as P. alfredii by Arreguín et al., 2001, but not seen, probably P. sursumcurrens). Ver (cited by Palacios-Rios, 1992, on the basis of Ventura 8462, ENCB, MEXU, NY, but that is P. plumula).
A specimen cited from Edo. Puebla (Purpus 1828, GH, MO, US) by Evans (1968) is from Iztaccihuatl and is mostly likely from Edo. México. The Chiapas collection cited is from the southern Sierra Madre. The specimen cited from Tamaulipas is atypical in having numerous small, cordate scales along the costae abaxially.
Var. cupreolepis is very closely related to var. alfredii, and differs primarily by the more numerous hairs on the rachises abaxially. In addition, most specimens (but not the type) differ by the presence of septate hairs on the pinna margins. Most specimens cited as P. alfredii by Evans (1968) have rachis scales identical to those of the type of Polypodium cupreolepis. Even two of the syntypes of P. tablazianum Rosenst. (Brade 149, 696, UC), treated by Evans as a synonym of P. alfredii, have rachis scales of typical P. cupreolepis. Polypodium alfredii and P. cupreolepis were treated as conspecific by Moran (in Davidse et al., 1995).
Pecluma alfredii var. cupreolepis also resembles P. ferruginea, but differs by its glabrous sporangia, broader, more cordate rachis scales, glabrous laminar surfaces adaxially, and reddish brown rhizome scales.
Pecluma alfredii var. occidentalis A. R. Sm., var. nov.
Type. Mexico. Revillagigedo Islands: Socorro, Mason 1633 (holotype CAS!).
A var. cupreolepis squamis lineari-lanceolatis secus rhachides abaxialiter differt. (L., occidentalis, western, referring to the distribution of this variety in westen Mexico.)
Differing from var. cupreolepis in the linear-lanceolate scales on the rachises abaxially; pinnae margins lacking hairs.
Distribution. Terrestrial, epipetric, and epiphytic on trunks of trees in forests; 650–2150 m. Mexico.
Selected Specimens Examined. Dgo (Reeder & Reeder 2487, US). Jal (Breedlove 45663, CAS, MEXU; Díaz L. 5597, UC). Rev (Barkelew 236, UC p.p., US; Felger 15817, UC, US; Flores Palacios 756, UC; Moran 15817, 25502, UC; Villarreal 59b, ENCB). Sin (Breedlove 17110, 44961, CAS; Correll & Correll 28860, MEXU, US; Ownbey & Ownbey 1939, US).
This variety is apparently confined to the northwestern part of the range of P. alfredii, in the Sierra Madre Occidental. Collections from Isla del Socorro are consistently without marginal hairs on the pinnae. Those from Sinaloa and Durango have a few cilia and thus approach var. cupreolepis. Collections from both areas lack the large cordate scales of var. cupreolepis. Barkelew 236, UC p.p., was cited by Evans (1968) as P. ferruginea, but the sporangia of this collection lack hairs.
A
Key to the Mexican Varieties of Pecluma alfredii
Rachis scales linear-lanceolate abaxially................var. occidentalis
Rachis scales ovate-cordate abaxially......................var. cupreolepis
Pecluma alfredii var. cupreolepis (A.M.Evans) A.R.Sm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 88: 437. 2004
Pecluma cupreolepis (A.M.Evans) M.G.Price, Amer. Fern J. 73(4): 114. 1983
Differing from var. occidentalis in having ovate-cordate scales on the rachises abaxially; pinna margins usually with at least a few hairs.
Distribution. Epiphytic or epipetric, pine-oak forests; 1250–2600 m. Mexico; Guat, Hond (Kimnach 400a, UC), Salv, Nic, CR.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 31941, DS). Col (Goldsmith 40, UC). DF (Purpus 1828, NY, US). Dgo (Sánchez 726, MEXU). Gro (Breedlove 65115, CAS). Jal (Wilbur & Wilbur 1927, DS, US). Méx (Weller 596, ENCB, UC). Mich (Rzedowski & de la Sota 18336, ENCB, NY, US). Mor (Hinton 17208, ENCB, NY). Oax (Mickel 5013, 6206, NY, UC). Pue (Lyonnet 460900007, MEXU). Sin (Gentry 6337, DS, NY). Tam (Stanford et al. 2055, NY).
Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Hgo (Pringle 13475, US, cited by Evans, 1968, but not verified; this no. also cited as P. sursumcurrens, MICH, from Edo. Puebla, Honey Station, by Evans, 1968). Qro (Amaneyro s.n., ENCB, and Fernández 4070, 4270, ENCB, cited as P. alfredii by Arreguín et al., 2001, but not seen, probably P. sursumcurrens). Ver (cited by Palacios-Rios, 1992, on the basis of Ventura 8462, ENCB, MEXU, NY, but that is P. plumula).
A specimen cited from Edo. Puebla (Purpus 1828, GH, MO, US) by Evans (1968) is from Iztaccihuatl and is mostly likely from Edo. México. The Chiapas collection cited is from the southern Sierra Madre. The specimen cited from Tamaulipas is atypical in having numerous small, cordate scales along the costae abaxially.
Var. cupreolepis is very closely related to var. alfredii, and differs primarily by the more numerous hairs on the rachises abaxially. In addition, most specimens (but not the type) differ by the presence of septate hairs on the pinna margins. Most specimens cited as P. alfredii by Evans (1968) have rachis scales identical to those of the type of Polypodium cupreolepis. Even two of the syntypes of P. tablazianum Rosenst. (Brade 149, 696, UC), treated by Evans as a synonym of P. alfredii, have rachis scales of typical P. cupreolepis. Polypodium alfredii and P. cupreolepis were treated as conspecific by Moran (in Davidse et al., 1995).
Pecluma alfredii var. cupreolepis also resembles P. ferruginea, but differs by its glabrous sporangia, broader, more cordate rachis scales, glabrous laminar surfaces adaxially, and reddish brown rhizome scales.
Pecluma alfredii var. occidentalis A. R. Sm., var. nov.
Type. Mexico. Revillagigedo Islands: Socorro, Mason 1633 (holotype CAS!).
A var. cupreolepis squamis lineari-lanceolatis secus rhachides abaxialiter differt. (L., occidentalis, western, referring to the distribution of this variety in westen Mexico.)
Differing from var. cupreolepis in the linear-lanceolate scales on the rachises abaxially; pinnae margins lacking hairs.
Distribution. Terrestrial, epipetric, and epiphytic on trunks of trees in forests; 650–2150 m. Mexico.
Selected Specimens Examined. Dgo (Reeder & Reeder 2487, US). Jal (Breedlove 45663, CAS, MEXU; Díaz L. 5597, UC). Rev (Barkelew 236, UC p.p., US; Felger 15817, UC, US; Flores Palacios 756, UC; Moran 15817, 25502, UC; Villarreal 59b, ENCB). Sin (Breedlove 17110, 44961, CAS; Correll & Correll 28860, MEXU, US; Ownbey & Ownbey 1939, US).
This variety is apparently confined to the northwestern part of the range of P. alfredii, in the Sierra Madre Occidental. Collections from Isla del Socorro are consistently without marginal hairs on the pinnae. Those from Sinaloa and Durango have a few cilia and thus approach var. cupreolepis. Collections from both areas lack the large cordate scales of var. cupreolepis. Barkelew 236, UC p.p., was cited by Evans (1968) as P. ferruginea, but the sporangia of this collection lack hairs.
A