Pleopeltis polylepis T.Moore
Descripción
Rhizomes creeping, 1–2 mm diam.; rhizome scales monomorphic, 1.5–3 mm long, linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, rarely comose, centers black, occluded or not, margins pale, minutely denticulate or erose, sometimes sparingly comose; fronds monomorphic, distant to approximate; stipes 1⁄6–1⁄3 the frond length, darkly castaneous, terete; blades simple, narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, 6–30 X 0.6–2.2 cm, apices acute to longacuminate; midribs abaxially hidden (greenish) to brown or blackish only at blade bases or nearly to the blade apices; veins not readily visible; abaxial blade scales scattered to often dense, round, 0.3–1 mm diam., centers dark reddish brown, margins pale brown to whitish, erose to fimbriate; sori oblong, soral scales peltate, 0.3–1 mm diam., centers dark reddish brown to brownblack, margins pale brown to whitish, erose to fimbriate.A
Forma de vida
o epipétrica. EpífitaA
Elevación
1500 – 3600 mA
Tipo de vegetación
Bosque de pino-encinoA
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Discusión taxonómica
The overlapping, round laminar scales are diagnostic for this species. The infraspecific taxonomy of this species follows Hooper (1994, 1995).
Key to the Mexican Varieties of Pleopeltis polylepis
Leaf blades narrowly elliptic, 1–1.5 cm wide, with conspicuously blackened abaxial midribs; laminar scales ca. 0.4 mm diam., rarely overlapping; soral scales ca. 0.6 mm diam., with conspicuously blackened centers having occluded cell lumina, often persistent in mature sori……….....var. interjecta
Leaf blades linear-elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, usually less than 1 cm wide, midribs abaxially blackish to greenish; laminar scales ca. 0.6 mm diam., usually overlapping; soral scales ca. 0.7 mm diam., with dark brown centers (similar to laminar scales), rarely persistent in mature sori:
Stipes ca. 1⁄5 the blade length; leaf blades 0.7–0.8(–1.5) cm wide, 8–10 times longer than wide; midribs abaxially green or blackened; plants nearly always epiphytic..........................var. polylepis
Stipes ca. 1⁄2 the blade length; leaf blades 0.8–1 cm wide, 5–7 times longer than wide; midribs abaxially green; plants nearly always epipetric……........................................................var. erythrolepis
Pleopeltis polylepis var. polylepis T.Moore, Index Fil. (T.Moore) 17-18: 348. 1862
Polypodium peltatum Cav., Descr. Pl. (Cavanilles) 244. 1802
Pleopeltis peltata Scort.; v.A.v.R., Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 27: 4. 1909
Drynaria vestita Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic. 271. 1852
Distinguished from other varieties by the stipes ca. 1⁄5 the blade length; leaf blades 0.7–0.8(–1.5) cm wide, 8–10 times longer than wide; midribs abaxially green or blackened; plants nearly always epiphytic; 2n=68 (NL).
Distribution. Epiphytic, or sometimes epipetric or in rock crevices, in pine-oak-alder forests; 1500–3600 m. Mexico.
Selected Specimens Examined. Ags (McVaugh 18403, MEXU). BCS (Carter 2340, DS, MEXU, UC). Chih (Knobloch 1906, LL, MEXU). Coah (Ginzbarg 199, MEXU, TEX). DF (Lyonnet 898, CAS). Dgo (Breedlove 63043, CAS). Dgo/Sin (McGill et al. 9518, ASU). Gto (Rzedowski 42377, IEB). Hgo (Mexia 2769, CAS, UC). Jal (McVaugh 25916, MEXU). Méx (Koch 75163, CAS, MO). Mich (Mason 1705, ARIZ, UC). Mor (Barkley et al. 7350, TEX). NL (Hinton et al. 17371, UC). Oax (Bartholomew 3303, CAS). Pue (Diggs 2110, MEXU, UC). Qro (Fernández N. 2521, CHAPA, ENCB). SLP (Breedlove 66597, CAS, UC). Tam (Stanford et al. 650, ARIZ, UC). Tlax (Suárez R. 38, ENCB, MEXU). Ver (Brandegee 319, UC). Zac (Breedlove 63971, CAS).
Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Gro (Catalán et al. 508b and Dreckmann 59, FCME cited by Lorea-Hernández & Velázquez M., 1998, but not verified).
Occasionally this variety grows on rocks or mossy road Banks (e.g., Knobloch 1906, from Chihuahua; Ginzbarg 199, from Coahuila; McGill et al. 9518, from Durango/Sinaloa). The distributions of var. polylepis and var. erythrolepis appear to overlap somewhat in northwestern Mexico, and occasional intermediates are encountered.
A few specimens have sinuately lobed or pinnatifid blades, e.g., Rzedowski 32441 (IEB, TEX, XAL), and we wonder whether this could be the result of some hybrid involvement with a fully and regularly pinnatifid scaly Polypodium species. In these particular specimens the sori and spores are too young to be informative.
Polypodium bartlettii Weath., Amer. Fern J. 25: 56. 1935, Fig. 228M [Type. Mexico. Tamaulipas: Vicinity of San José, above Mesa de Tierra, Bartlett 10286 (US!, photo US!; frag. GH!, US!)], is the putative hybrid between Pleopeltis polylepis and perhaps Polypodium polypodioides; it is known only from the type locality. A synonym is X Pleopodium bartlettii (Weath.) Mickel & Beitel, Amer. Fern J. 77: 20. 1987. Field study is needed to verify its parentage.
Pleopeltis polylepis var. erythrolepis (Weath.) T.Wendt, Amer. Fern J. 70(1): 9. 1980
Polypodium erythrolepis Weath., Contr. Gray Herb. 65: 11. 1922
Distinguished from other varieties by the stipes ca. 1⁄2 the blade length; leaf blades 0.8–1 cm wide, 5–7 times longer than wide; midribs abaxially green; plants nearly always epipetric.
Distribution. Epipetric on limestone rocks and ledges, rarely epiphytic; 1800–2700 m. USA (Tex); Mexico.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chih (Nesom & Vorobik 5599, TEX, UC; Correll & Gentry 23026, LL; Correll & Johnston 21642, LL; McVaugh 11509, MEXU). Coah (Johnston 11828, CAS, LL, MEXU; Wynd & Mueller 599, ARIZ, US). Dgo (Breedlove 59101, CAS; Goodding 2146, UC). Son (Hartman 346, UC; Mason 2118, ARIZ, MEXU).
Barkley et al. 7420 (TEX), from Edo. México, was cited as this variety by Wendt (1980), but it is var. polylepis. Var. erythrolepis was recorded by Hinton and Hinton (1995) from Nuevo León, but these specimens are all P. polylepis var. polylepis.
Occasional specimens are reported as epiphytic, e.g., Nesom & Vorobik 5599 (MEXU), from Chihuahua. There also appear to be varietal intermediates with var. polylepis, e.g., Wendt 478, MEXU, from Coahuila, and Correll & Gentry 23090 (UC), from Chihuahua.
Pleopeltis polylepis var. interjecta (Weath.) E.A.Hooper, Amer. Fern J. 85(3): 79. 1995
Polypodium peltatum var. interjectum Weath., Amer. Fern J. 34(1): 17. 1944
Pleopeltis macrocarpa var. interjecta (Weath.) A.R.Sm., Amer. Fern J. 70(1): 26. 1980
Distinguished from other varieties by the wider (1–1.5 cm) and often longer leaf blades with conspicuously blackened abaxial midribs, laminar scales scattered and rarely overlapping, ca. 0.4 mm diam.; and soral scales ca. 0.6 mm diam., conspicuously blackened in centers with occluded cell lumina, often persistent in mature sori.
Distribution. Epiphytic on trunks, also on rocks and banks; (2050–)2450–3100 m. Mexico; Guat, Salv.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 15094, 22092, DS, MEXU; Little & Sharp 9829, DS, US). Oax (Davidse & Davidse 9775, CAS, MEXU; Mickel 3752, 5332, UC). Pue (Arsène 2179, US; Smith et al. 3856, US). Ver (Barrington 422, MEXU; Nee & Taylor 25893, CAS, XAL; Turra 825, ENCB).
Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Jal (reported by Vázquez G. et al., 1995, but not verified, probably based on a misidentification). Mich (reported by Pérez-Calix, 1996, but probably based on a misidentification).
Records of this taxon from the states of México, Morelos, and Hidalgo by Mickel and Beitel (1988) are based on misidentified specimens.
An unusual specimen with irregular lobes (Oaxaca, Mickel 3784, NY) agrees with var. interjecta in its laminar and rhizome scales, but is sterile, so soral scales and spores cannot be assessed.
Martínez V. 68 (CHAPA), from Veracruz, is said to be from 900 m, but the stated locality (15 km carr. Jalapa–Perote) is surely much higher, probably ca. 2000 m.
Pleopeltis polylepis var. interjecta is closely allied to P. mexicana but is distinguished by a combination of characters: blackcentered soral scales, scattered fimbriate laminar scales, and black-centered, non-comose or sparingly comose rhizome scales.A
Key to the Mexican Varieties of Pleopeltis polylepis
Leaf blades narrowly elliptic, 1–1.5 cm wide, with conspicuously blackened abaxial midribs; laminar scales ca. 0.4 mm diam., rarely overlapping; soral scales ca. 0.6 mm diam., with conspicuously blackened centers having occluded cell lumina, often persistent in mature sori……….....var. interjecta
Leaf blades linear-elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, usually less than 1 cm wide, midribs abaxially blackish to greenish; laminar scales ca. 0.6 mm diam., usually overlapping; soral scales ca. 0.7 mm diam., with dark brown centers (similar to laminar scales), rarely persistent in mature sori:
Stipes ca. 1⁄5 the blade length; leaf blades 0.7–0.8(–1.5) cm wide, 8–10 times longer than wide; midribs abaxially green or blackened; plants nearly always epiphytic..........................var. polylepis
Stipes ca. 1⁄2 the blade length; leaf blades 0.8–1 cm wide, 5–7 times longer than wide; midribs abaxially green; plants nearly always epipetric……........................................................var. erythrolepis
Pleopeltis polylepis var. polylepis T.Moore, Index Fil. (T.Moore) 17-18: 348. 1862
Polypodium peltatum Cav., Descr. Pl. (Cavanilles) 244. 1802
Pleopeltis peltata Scort.; v.A.v.R., Bull. Dépt. Agric. Indes Néerl. 27: 4. 1909
Drynaria vestita Fée, Mém. Foug., 5. Gen. Filic. 271. 1852
Distinguished from other varieties by the stipes ca. 1⁄5 the blade length; leaf blades 0.7–0.8(–1.5) cm wide, 8–10 times longer than wide; midribs abaxially green or blackened; plants nearly always epiphytic; 2n=68 (NL).
Distribution. Epiphytic, or sometimes epipetric or in rock crevices, in pine-oak-alder forests; 1500–3600 m. Mexico.
Selected Specimens Examined. Ags (McVaugh 18403, MEXU). BCS (Carter 2340, DS, MEXU, UC). Chih (Knobloch 1906, LL, MEXU). Coah (Ginzbarg 199, MEXU, TEX). DF (Lyonnet 898, CAS). Dgo (Breedlove 63043, CAS). Dgo/Sin (McGill et al. 9518, ASU). Gto (Rzedowski 42377, IEB). Hgo (Mexia 2769, CAS, UC). Jal (McVaugh 25916, MEXU). Méx (Koch 75163, CAS, MO). Mich (Mason 1705, ARIZ, UC). Mor (Barkley et al. 7350, TEX). NL (Hinton et al. 17371, UC). Oax (Bartholomew 3303, CAS). Pue (Diggs 2110, MEXU, UC). Qro (Fernández N. 2521, CHAPA, ENCB). SLP (Breedlove 66597, CAS, UC). Tam (Stanford et al. 650, ARIZ, UC). Tlax (Suárez R. 38, ENCB, MEXU). Ver (Brandegee 319, UC). Zac (Breedlove 63971, CAS).
Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Gro (Catalán et al. 508b and Dreckmann 59, FCME cited by Lorea-Hernández & Velázquez M., 1998, but not verified).
Occasionally this variety grows on rocks or mossy road Banks (e.g., Knobloch 1906, from Chihuahua; Ginzbarg 199, from Coahuila; McGill et al. 9518, from Durango/Sinaloa). The distributions of var. polylepis and var. erythrolepis appear to overlap somewhat in northwestern Mexico, and occasional intermediates are encountered.
A few specimens have sinuately lobed or pinnatifid blades, e.g., Rzedowski 32441 (IEB, TEX, XAL), and we wonder whether this could be the result of some hybrid involvement with a fully and regularly pinnatifid scaly Polypodium species. In these particular specimens the sori and spores are too young to be informative.
Polypodium bartlettii Weath., Amer. Fern J. 25: 56. 1935, Fig. 228M [Type. Mexico. Tamaulipas: Vicinity of San José, above Mesa de Tierra, Bartlett 10286 (US!, photo US!; frag. GH!, US!)], is the putative hybrid between Pleopeltis polylepis and perhaps Polypodium polypodioides; it is known only from the type locality. A synonym is X Pleopodium bartlettii (Weath.) Mickel & Beitel, Amer. Fern J. 77: 20. 1987. Field study is needed to verify its parentage.
Pleopeltis polylepis var. erythrolepis (Weath.) T.Wendt, Amer. Fern J. 70(1): 9. 1980
Polypodium erythrolepis Weath., Contr. Gray Herb. 65: 11. 1922
Distinguished from other varieties by the stipes ca. 1⁄2 the blade length; leaf blades 0.8–1 cm wide, 5–7 times longer than wide; midribs abaxially green; plants nearly always epipetric.
Distribution. Epipetric on limestone rocks and ledges, rarely epiphytic; 1800–2700 m. USA (Tex); Mexico.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chih (Nesom & Vorobik 5599, TEX, UC; Correll & Gentry 23026, LL; Correll & Johnston 21642, LL; McVaugh 11509, MEXU). Coah (Johnston 11828, CAS, LL, MEXU; Wynd & Mueller 599, ARIZ, US). Dgo (Breedlove 59101, CAS; Goodding 2146, UC). Son (Hartman 346, UC; Mason 2118, ARIZ, MEXU).
Barkley et al. 7420 (TEX), from Edo. México, was cited as this variety by Wendt (1980), but it is var. polylepis. Var. erythrolepis was recorded by Hinton and Hinton (1995) from Nuevo León, but these specimens are all P. polylepis var. polylepis.
Occasional specimens are reported as epiphytic, e.g., Nesom & Vorobik 5599 (MEXU), from Chihuahua. There also appear to be varietal intermediates with var. polylepis, e.g., Wendt 478, MEXU, from Coahuila, and Correll & Gentry 23090 (UC), from Chihuahua.
Pleopeltis polylepis var. interjecta (Weath.) E.A.Hooper, Amer. Fern J. 85(3): 79. 1995
Polypodium peltatum var. interjectum Weath., Amer. Fern J. 34(1): 17. 1944
Pleopeltis macrocarpa var. interjecta (Weath.) A.R.Sm., Amer. Fern J. 70(1): 26. 1980
Distinguished from other varieties by the wider (1–1.5 cm) and often longer leaf blades with conspicuously blackened abaxial midribs, laminar scales scattered and rarely overlapping, ca. 0.4 mm diam.; and soral scales ca. 0.6 mm diam., conspicuously blackened in centers with occluded cell lumina, often persistent in mature sori.
Distribution. Epiphytic on trunks, also on rocks and banks; (2050–)2450–3100 m. Mexico; Guat, Salv.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 15094, 22092, DS, MEXU; Little & Sharp 9829, DS, US). Oax (Davidse & Davidse 9775, CAS, MEXU; Mickel 3752, 5332, UC). Pue (Arsène 2179, US; Smith et al. 3856, US). Ver (Barrington 422, MEXU; Nee & Taylor 25893, CAS, XAL; Turra 825, ENCB).
Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Jal (reported by Vázquez G. et al., 1995, but not verified, probably based on a misidentification). Mich (reported by Pérez-Calix, 1996, but probably based on a misidentification).
Records of this taxon from the states of México, Morelos, and Hidalgo by Mickel and Beitel (1988) are based on misidentified specimens.
An unusual specimen with irregular lobes (Oaxaca, Mickel 3784, NY) agrees with var. interjecta in its laminar and rhizome scales, but is sterile, so soral scales and spores cannot be assessed.
Martínez V. 68 (CHAPA), from Veracruz, is said to be from 900 m, but the stated locality (15 km carr. Jalapa–Perote) is surely much higher, probably ca. 2000 m.
Pleopeltis polylepis var. interjecta is closely allied to P. mexicana but is distinguished by a combination of characters: blackcentered soral scales, scattered fimbriate laminar scales, and black-centered, non-comose or sparingly comose rhizome scales.A