Pellaea ternifolia (Cav.) Link
Descripción
Rhizomes short, stout, compact; rhizome scales 5–6 X 0.3–0.5 mm, bicolorous, linear, central portion dark reddish brown to black, margins thin, whitish tan, erose; fronds to 50 cm long, erect, monomorphic; stipes 1⁄4–1⁄3 the frond length, atropurpureous to black, lustrous, glabrous, terete to plane or grooved adaxially; blades linear, bipinnate almost to tips; pinnae ternately divided, gray-green, segments linear to lanceolate, 16 X 1–2 mm, entire, mucronate, each with 1 mm colorless tip, glabrous, coriaceous; margins reflexed, scarious, indusia 0.1 mm wide with papillate margins; spores tan.A
Forma de vida
Rupicola, TerrestreA
Elevación
200 – 4000 mA
Ecología y Hábitat
On rocky slopes and ledges in dry forests.A
Tipo de vegetación
Bosque de encino, Bosque de pino-encino, Matorral espinosoB
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaC
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaD
Discusión taxonómica
Windham (1993) reported that subsp. arizonica occurs in Arizona, Texas, Chihuahua, and Sonora, without mentioning the status of P. ternifolia in the rest of Mexico. Specimens from Chihuahua and Sonora do indeed match the larger pinna size and ungrooved rachises of subsp. arizonica. In the rest of the country, pinna dimensions generally, but not always, agree with those of subsp. ternifolia, but there is every transition in the rachises from having distinct grooves to being flattened or terete. There is an especially large specimen from Guerrero, but it is not known whether it is abnormal subsp. ternifolia, disjunct subsp. arizonica, or perhaps an unnamed polyploid taxon.
Key to the Mexican Subspecies of Pellaea ternifolia
Pinnae short-petiolate, 1–2 mm; BCS..............subsp. brandegeei.
Pinnae sessile; non-peninsular Mexico:
Largest segments less than 18 mm long; stipes and rachises grooved adaxially............subsp. ternifolia
Largest segments more than 18 mm long; stipes distally and rachises rounded or slightly flattened adaxially .............................................................subsp. arizonica
Pellaea ternifolia subsp. ternifolia
Stipes distally and rachises grooved or flattened adaxially; rachises glabrous or with a few widely scattered hairs; pinnae sessile, completely glabrous; largest ultimate segments (excluding terminal pinnae) usually less than 18 mm; spores usually 39–45 µm diam.; 2n=58 (DF, Mor, Pue, SLP, USA), 116 (Dgo, Méx, Pue, SLP).
Distribution. Rocky slopes and ledges on igneous substrates, dry, rocky slopes of mountains, oak or pine-oak forests, or Bursera-Acacia or cacti associations; (700–)1700–3000 m. USA (Ariz, Tex); Mexico; Guat, Hond, Nic, CR; Hisp; Col, Ven, Ec, Peru, Braz, Bol, Chile, Parag, Arg; Hawaii.
Selected Specimens Examined. Ags (McVaugh 18425, NY). BCN (Montgomery 83-30, NY). Chih (Correll & Gentry 22920, NY). Chis (Breedlove 40471, DS). Coah (Johnston et al. 11897, NY). DF (Orcutt 4245, NY). Dgo (Breedlove 44111, MEXU). Gto (Galvan 3221, ENCB). Hgo (Medina C. 430, XAL). Jal (Breedlove 61658, NY). Méx (Bourgeau 457, NY). Mich (Hinton 15497, NY). Mor (Orcutt 3827, MEXU, US). NL (Rodríguez L. 156, UNL). Oax (Mickel 3849, NY). Pue (Ventura A. 1555, NY). Qro (Weller 631, UC). SLP (Parry & Palmer 982, NY). Son (Phillips 274, MICH). Tlax (Hernández X. 334, MEXU). Ver (Scoville s.n., in 1891, NY). Zac (Feddema 2256, MEXU).
Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Gro (Lorea 4706, ENCB, IEB, cited by Lorea-Hernández & Velázquez M., 1998, but not verified).
Pellaea ternifolia is widespread and quite variable in Mexico, especially in regard to pinna size and rachis grooving. See subsp. arizonica and brandegeei, and P. villosa for discussion.
Pellaea ternifolia subsp. arizonica Windham, Contr.
Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 42. 1993. Type. U.S.A. Arizona: Cochise Co., SW slopes of Dragoon Mts, ca. 1.59 km NNE of Granite Spring, Windham 246 (UT!; isotypes ASC!, ASU!, MO!, UC!, US!).
Stipes terete or slightly flattened adaxially in distal portions; rachises glabrous or with a few widely scattered hairs; pinnae sessile, glabrous; largest ultimate segments (excluding terminal pinnae) usually more than 18 mm; spores averaging 46–53 µm diam. 2n=116 (USA).
Distribution. Cliffs and rocky slopes, on acidic substrates; 1720–2400 m. USA (Ariz, Tex); Mexico.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chih (Pringle 920, NY). Gro (Hinton 9223, NY). Gto (Duges s.n., in 1880, NY). Jal (McVaugh 17096, NY). Méx (Hinton 4234, NY). Mor (Fisher 35414, NY). Nay (Téllez 12468, MEXU). Oax (Mickel 4941, NY). Pue (Arsène 1837, US). Sin (Breedlove 35708, MEXU). SLP (Parry & Palmer 982, NY). Son (Reichenbacher 1127, ARIZ). Ver (Ventura A. 178, NY).
Pellaea ternifolia subsp. brandegeei (C. C. Hall) Mickel, comb. et stat. nov.
Pellaea brandegeei C. C. Hall, Amer. Fern J. 37: 111, photo 112. 1947. Type. Mexico. Baja California Sur: Cape region, Sierra de la Laguna, 1893, Brandegee s.n. (UC!; isotype US!).
Pellaea ternifolia subsp. brandegeei differs from subsp. ternifolia in the pinnae being distinctly short-petiolulate 1–2 mm. All specimens of subsp. brandegeei have grooved distal stipes and
rachises. The distal 1–3 pinna pairs are undivided.
Distribution. 700–2000 m. Mexico; Hawaii.
Selected Specimens Examined. BCS (Brandegee 662, GH, UC; Carter 2409, UC, US, 2685, US, 3360, MEXU; Chambers 921, UC; Jones 24556, 27013, NY, UC; Moran 18911, UC, US; Purpus 559, US; Tenorio L. 10601, GH, NY).
Material of Pellaea ternifolia from Baja California (subsp. brandegeei) has the pinna dimensions and rachis grooving of subsp. ternifolia. Some Hawaiian specimens of P. ternifolia have stalked pinnae, suggesting that part of the population arrived from Baja California.A
Key to the Mexican Subspecies of Pellaea ternifolia
Pinnae short-petiolate, 1–2 mm; BCS..............subsp. brandegeei.
Pinnae sessile; non-peninsular Mexico:
Largest segments less than 18 mm long; stipes and rachises grooved adaxially............subsp. ternifolia
Largest segments more than 18 mm long; stipes distally and rachises rounded or slightly flattened adaxially .............................................................subsp. arizonica
Pellaea ternifolia subsp. ternifolia
Stipes distally and rachises grooved or flattened adaxially; rachises glabrous or with a few widely scattered hairs; pinnae sessile, completely glabrous; largest ultimate segments (excluding terminal pinnae) usually less than 18 mm; spores usually 39–45 µm diam.; 2n=58 (DF, Mor, Pue, SLP, USA), 116 (Dgo, Méx, Pue, SLP).
Distribution. Rocky slopes and ledges on igneous substrates, dry, rocky slopes of mountains, oak or pine-oak forests, or Bursera-Acacia or cacti associations; (700–)1700–3000 m. USA (Ariz, Tex); Mexico; Guat, Hond, Nic, CR; Hisp; Col, Ven, Ec, Peru, Braz, Bol, Chile, Parag, Arg; Hawaii.
Selected Specimens Examined. Ags (McVaugh 18425, NY). BCN (Montgomery 83-30, NY). Chih (Correll & Gentry 22920, NY). Chis (Breedlove 40471, DS). Coah (Johnston et al. 11897, NY). DF (Orcutt 4245, NY). Dgo (Breedlove 44111, MEXU). Gto (Galvan 3221, ENCB). Hgo (Medina C. 430, XAL). Jal (Breedlove 61658, NY). Méx (Bourgeau 457, NY). Mich (Hinton 15497, NY). Mor (Orcutt 3827, MEXU, US). NL (Rodríguez L. 156, UNL). Oax (Mickel 3849, NY). Pue (Ventura A. 1555, NY). Qro (Weller 631, UC). SLP (Parry & Palmer 982, NY). Son (Phillips 274, MICH). Tlax (Hernández X. 334, MEXU). Ver (Scoville s.n., in 1891, NY). Zac (Feddema 2256, MEXU).
Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Gro (Lorea 4706, ENCB, IEB, cited by Lorea-Hernández & Velázquez M., 1998, but not verified).
Pellaea ternifolia is widespread and quite variable in Mexico, especially in regard to pinna size and rachis grooving. See subsp. arizonica and brandegeei, and P. villosa for discussion.
Pellaea ternifolia subsp. arizonica Windham, Contr.
Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 42. 1993. Type. U.S.A. Arizona: Cochise Co., SW slopes of Dragoon Mts, ca. 1.59 km NNE of Granite Spring, Windham 246 (UT!; isotypes ASC!, ASU!, MO!, UC!, US!).
Stipes terete or slightly flattened adaxially in distal portions; rachises glabrous or with a few widely scattered hairs; pinnae sessile, glabrous; largest ultimate segments (excluding terminal pinnae) usually more than 18 mm; spores averaging 46–53 µm diam. 2n=116 (USA).
Distribution. Cliffs and rocky slopes, on acidic substrates; 1720–2400 m. USA (Ariz, Tex); Mexico.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chih (Pringle 920, NY). Gro (Hinton 9223, NY). Gto (Duges s.n., in 1880, NY). Jal (McVaugh 17096, NY). Méx (Hinton 4234, NY). Mor (Fisher 35414, NY). Nay (Téllez 12468, MEXU). Oax (Mickel 4941, NY). Pue (Arsène 1837, US). Sin (Breedlove 35708, MEXU). SLP (Parry & Palmer 982, NY). Son (Reichenbacher 1127, ARIZ). Ver (Ventura A. 178, NY).
Pellaea ternifolia subsp. brandegeei (C. C. Hall) Mickel, comb. et stat. nov.
Pellaea brandegeei C. C. Hall, Amer. Fern J. 37: 111, photo 112. 1947. Type. Mexico. Baja California Sur: Cape region, Sierra de la Laguna, 1893, Brandegee s.n. (UC!; isotype US!).
Pellaea ternifolia subsp. brandegeei differs from subsp. ternifolia in the pinnae being distinctly short-petiolulate 1–2 mm. All specimens of subsp. brandegeei have grooved distal stipes and
rachises. The distal 1–3 pinna pairs are undivided.
Distribution. 700–2000 m. Mexico; Hawaii.
Selected Specimens Examined. BCS (Brandegee 662, GH, UC; Carter 2409, UC, US, 2685, US, 3360, MEXU; Chambers 921, UC; Jones 24556, 27013, NY, UC; Moran 18911, UC, US; Purpus 559, US; Tenorio L. 10601, GH, NY).
Material of Pellaea ternifolia from Baja California (subsp. brandegeei) has the pinna dimensions and rachis grooving of subsp. ternifolia. Some Hawaiian specimens of P. ternifolia have stalked pinnae, suggesting that part of the population arrived from Baja California.A