Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hyl.

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Dryopteris wallichiana (Spreng.) Hyl.

Descripción

Rhizomes erect, caudex often trunk-like, to 30 cm tall; rhizome scales concolorous, dark brown, to 25 X 3 mm, linearlanceolate, filiform at tips, with irregularly ciliate to subentire margins; fronds 45–135 cm long; stipes stramineous, (8–)15–30 cm X 4–12 mm, usually 1⁄4(–1⁄3) or less the frond length, at bases and also distally with dense, spreading, dark brown scales similar to those of rhizomes, the scales nearly concealing the stipes, eglandular; blades thick-herbaceous to subcoriaceous, lustrous dark green above, lighter below, oblong-lanceolate, pinnate-pinnatifid nearly throughout or infrequently fully 2-pinnate proximally, (30–)50–100(–120) X (12–)18–28 cm, with pinnae mostly alternate, spreading nearly 90°, 22–40 pairs; rachises stramineous to light tan, copiously scaly (scales similar to those of stipes and often nearly obscuring rachises), eglandular; proximal pinnae linear-lanceolate, sessile or very shortstalked < 2 mm, reduced, 6–12 cm X 1.3–2.5 cm, equilateral, without enlarged basiscopic or acroscopic pinnules; distal pinnae sessile or stalked to 2 mm, equilateral, 7–18 X 1.5–2.5(–3) cm, segments oblong, rounded to often truncate at tips, entire to often denticulate at tips; indument abaxially of numerous linear to lanceolate brownish ciliate scales on costae and costules, veins and surfaces between veins glabrous, adaxially with similar scales on costae, lamina otherwise glabrous; sori medial, indusia brown, 0.8–1.4 mm diam., flat, glabrous; 2n=123(Méx), 164 (Oax, Jam).A

Forma de crecimiento

Hierba

Forma de vida

TerrestreA

Nutrición

Autotrófica

Ejemplar revisado

Chih (Correll & Gentry 23089, LL, US). Chis (Croat 40744, UC). DF (Ventura 1099, IEB, NY, TEX, XAL). Gro (Hinton 15709, NY, but blade more dissected than usual; Mexia 9070, ARIZ, CAS, NY, UC, US). Gto (Carranza et al. 4365, CAS, IEB). Hgo (Pringle 8750, CAS, LL, NY, UC, US). Jal (Iltis 2389 et al., NY, UC). Méx (Molseed 544, UC). Mich (Hinton 15709, ARIZ, NY, TEX, US). Mor (Lyonnet 1418, MEXU, NY). Oax (Croat & Hannon 65640, UC). Pue (Pringle 15704, ARIZ, CAS, LL, UC, US). Qro (Fernández N. 3372, ENCB, IEB, NY, TEX). Tam (Sharp et al. 52225, US). Tlax (Reeves R5941, ASU). Ver (Storer 143, UC, US).A

Distribución

Asia PresenteA, Caribe PresenteA, Centroamérica: Costa Rica PresenteA; Guatemala PresenteA; Honduras PresenteA; Panamá PresenteA, México (país) Nativo y no endémicoA, Norteamérica al N de México PresenteA, Sudamérica PresenteA, África PresenteA

Elevación

1500 – 3150 mA

Ecología y Hábitat

Especially along streams.A

Tipo de vegetación

Bosque de neblina/mesófilo, Bosque de pino-encinoA

Categoría IUCN

No incluidaB

Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010

No incluidaC

Estatus del taxón

(A) Como definida actualmente, probablemente una entidad natural (monofilética)

Discusión taxonómica

Dryopteris wallichiana appears to be an apogamous triploid or tetraploid in the New World, but an apogamous diploid in the Old World (Fraser-Jenkins, 1989). However, Asian and African material assigned to D. wallichiana is very similar to neotropical specimens. Dryopteris wallichiana has been confused with D. pseudofilix-mas (q.v. for differences); the former is much more common, and the two species are known to hybridize.A

Bibliografía

A. Mickel, J. T. & Smith, A. R. 2004: The Pteridophytes of Mexico Vol. 88
B. IUCN 2022: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Versión 2022-2
C. SEMARNAT 2019: MODIFICACIÓN del Anexo Normativo III, Lista de especies en riesgo de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010: 101 pp. – https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5578808&fecha=14/11/2019#gsc.tab=0 [accessed 2023-05-04 06:16]