Dryopteris pseudofilix-mas (Fée) Rothm.
Descripción
Rhizomes erect; rhizome scales concolorous, or often dark brown or blackish at the bases near point of attachment, light to medium brown or tan distally, to 20 X 1–5 mm, ovatelanceolate, margins irregularly ciliate to lacerate; fronds 40–100 cm long; stipes stramineous, 8–20(–25) cm X 4–8 mm, 1⁄8–1⁄4 the frond length, densely (at base) to moderately (distally) clothed in scales similar to those of rhizomes, eglandular; blades herbaceous, dark green to yellow-green, ovate-lanceolate, 2-pinnatepinnatifid at bases, pinnate-pinnatisect distally, 40–80 X 14–25 cm, with pinnae mostly alternate, spreading to slightly ascending, 20–36 pairs; rachises stramineous, usually moderately and persistently scaly throughout (larger scales denticulate to strongly toothed), eglandular; proximal pinnae inequilateral, somewhat basiscopically developed, 7–10 X 2.5–4 cm, slightly shorter than more distal pinnae, short-stalked to 3 mm, largest basiscopic pinnules to 2.5 X 0.8 cm, pinnatifid; distal pinnae sessile or very short-stalked to 2 mm, equilateral, 5–15 cm long, ultimate segments tapered toward the rounded tips, denticulate; indument abaxially of moderately dense, persistent, fibrillose, often twisted scales to ca. 3 X 0.4 mm on costae, costules, veins, and tissue between veins, the largest scales strongly toothed, adaxially the lamina with similar but fewer and generally narrower scales; sori medial, indusia tan to brown, ca. 1–1.2 mm diam., slightly vaulted or flat, glabrous; 2n=123 (Oax).A
Forma de vida
TerrestreA
Ejemplar revisado
Chis (Breedlove 24320, DS, atypical). DF (Rzedowski 37660, NY, TEX). Hgo (Piña E. 47, ASU). Méx (Rzedowski 36088, MEXU, NY, TEX). Mich (Rzedowski 46172, ENCB, IEB). Mor (Sandoval 59, 139, MEXU). NL (Hinton & Hinton 22097, TEX). Oax (Smith 2076, NY, UC, US). Qro (Aguilar H. 55, IEB, MEXU, TEX). Pue (Arsène 2181, US p.p.). Ver (Zamora C. et al. 3835, UC).A
Elevación
2200 – 3950 mA
Tipo de vegetación
Bosque de pino-encinoA
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Discusión taxonómica
This species appears to be related to “Dryopteris filix-mas” of the western United States, but it is not the same as eastern North American plants of that name. The relationships remain unresolved. In general, D. pseudofilix-mas differs from D. wallichiana in having fewer and shorter scales on the stipes and rachises and the scales are tan to brown, or with a brownish or blackish base, rather than dark brown or blackish throughout. In addition, the segments of D. pseudofilix-mas are rounded and more tapered at tips rather than blunt and parallel-sided, as in typical D. wallichiana.
Probable hybrids involving this species are Huerta H. s.n. (XAL) and Vega Aviña 419 (NY), from Edo. Mexico. The spores are mostly highly irregular, but some are seemingly well formed and very large. Similar to this, and with many irregularly formed and small spores is Rzedowski 37660 (NY), from Distrito Federal, Monte Alegre, Serranía del Ajusco. The second parent may be D. wallichiana. Rothmaler (Candollea 10: 95–96. 1945) considered D. chrysocarpa (Fée) Rothm. (= Aspidium chrysocarpon Fée, Mém. Foug. 8: 103. 1857. Type. Mexico, Popocatépetl, Schaffner 289, P) as the hybrid between D. pseudofilix-mas and D. parallelogramma [= D. wallichiana]. The putative hybrids appear intermediate in various characteristics between the two species and also appear to have malformed or highly irregular spores. The sole chromosome count for the species is indicative of an apogamous life cycle.
Specimens of D. pseudofilix-mas from Nuevo León are all from Mpio. Zaragoza and do not match very well those from the Valle de México; Hinton 22097 is especially atypical in its less dissected pinnae. These specimens were determined as D. filixmas (see Aguirre-Claverán & Arreguín-Sánchez, 1988; Hinton & Hinton, 1995), but the blades are not as dissected as the sole Mexican specimen of D. filix-mas from near the Texas border.
The sole collection from Hidalgo has about three pairs of fully pinnate pinnae, and the pinnules are rather deeply lobed or pinnatifid. The dark scales indicate its affinities are with D. pseudofilix-mas, rather than with D. filix-mas, but it is atypical. The only collection from Chiapas, from the summit of Volcán Tacaná, is sterile and peculiar in having broad, dentate segments. It is also peculiar in the darkened intervenal tissue, which gives the dried fronds the appearance of being soriate between the veins. This condition is also seen in sterile fronds of Rzedowski 32557 (IEB), from Edo. México. The cause of this darkening, whether a necrosis or an infection, is unknown.
A
Probable hybrids involving this species are Huerta H. s.n. (XAL) and Vega Aviña 419 (NY), from Edo. Mexico. The spores are mostly highly irregular, but some are seemingly well formed and very large. Similar to this, and with many irregularly formed and small spores is Rzedowski 37660 (NY), from Distrito Federal, Monte Alegre, Serranía del Ajusco. The second parent may be D. wallichiana. Rothmaler (Candollea 10: 95–96. 1945) considered D. chrysocarpa (Fée) Rothm. (= Aspidium chrysocarpon Fée, Mém. Foug. 8: 103. 1857. Type. Mexico, Popocatépetl, Schaffner 289, P) as the hybrid between D. pseudofilix-mas and D. parallelogramma [= D. wallichiana]. The putative hybrids appear intermediate in various characteristics between the two species and also appear to have malformed or highly irregular spores. The sole chromosome count for the species is indicative of an apogamous life cycle.
Specimens of D. pseudofilix-mas from Nuevo León are all from Mpio. Zaragoza and do not match very well those from the Valle de México; Hinton 22097 is especially atypical in its less dissected pinnae. These specimens were determined as D. filixmas (see Aguirre-Claverán & Arreguín-Sánchez, 1988; Hinton & Hinton, 1995), but the blades are not as dissected as the sole Mexican specimen of D. filix-mas from near the Texas border.
The sole collection from Hidalgo has about three pairs of fully pinnate pinnae, and the pinnules are rather deeply lobed or pinnatifid. The dark scales indicate its affinities are with D. pseudofilix-mas, rather than with D. filix-mas, but it is atypical. The only collection from Chiapas, from the summit of Volcán Tacaná, is sterile and peculiar in having broad, dentate segments. It is also peculiar in the darkened intervenal tissue, which gives the dried fronds the appearance of being soriate between the veins. This condition is also seen in sterile fronds of Rzedowski 32557 (IEB), from Edo. México. The cause of this darkening, whether a necrosis or an infection, is unknown.
A