Ctenitis equestris (Kunze) Ching
Descripción
Rhizomes erect, stout, caudices to ca. 4 cm diam.; fronds large, to ca. 150 cm long or more; stipes stramineous to tan, ca. 1⁄3–1⁄2 the frond length, 30–75 cm X 3–8 mm, bases with dense brown to orange-brown scales 8–15 X 0.8–1.5 mm, above the bases sparsely to moderately scaly, the scales lanceolate, 3–6 mm long, clathrate, black-walled in middle with pale margins; blades green to yellow-green, deltate, mostly 3–4-pinnate-pinnatifid proximally, 2–3-pinnate-pinnatifid distally, to 25–80 X 30–90 cm; rachises abaxially with scales similar to those of stipes but shorter, especially concentrated at pinna bases; pinnae ca. 15 pairs, proximal pair the largest, stalked to 2–8 cm, 17–50 X 12–40 cm, inequilaterally deltate, pinnules much more developed basiscopically, largest pinnules with pinnulets pinnate to pinnatisect; segments entire to crenulate, rounded to acute at tips, margins ciliate with usually minute hairs 0.1–0.2 mm; veins simple or forked, reaching margins above the sinuses; indument on costae and costules abaxially of scattered, orangish, red-brown, or brown-black, often clathrate and iridescent, ovate to ovate-lanceolate, flat or vaulted scales 1–2 X 0.3–0.5 mm, also sometimes with jointed hairs 0.1 mm long; laminae between veins glabrous on both sides, or abaxially with appressed glandular hairs 0.1–0.3 mm, occasionally with minute erect glands or glandular hairs 0.1 mm long; sori medial, exindusiate or with small, caducous indusia, these often hidden in mature sori.A
Forma de vida
TerrestreA
Elevación
700 – 2700 mA
Tipo de vegetación
Bosque de neblina/mesófilo, Selva altaA
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Discusión taxonómica
Key to the Mexican Varieties of Ctenitis equestris
Scales of rachises and pinna axils brown-black, linearlanceolate, subentire, scattered, vaulted, spreading, not concealing the axes. ...........................................................................var. equestris.
Scales of rachises and pinna axils orangish tan, ovate, erose-denticulate to short-ciliate, flat, appressed, imbricate, concealing the axes. .......................................................................var. erosa.
Ctenitis equestris var. equestris (Kunze) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: 250. 1940
Aspidium bourgaei Fourn., Mex. Pl. 1: 98. 1872
Aspidium scabriusculum Davenp., Bot. Gaz. 21: 255. 1896
Dryopteris davenportii C.Chr., Index Filic. 260. 1905
Dryopteris equestris C.Chr., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd. ser. 8, 6: 54. 1920
Dryopteris equestris var. mentiens C.Chr., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd. ser. 8, 6: 56. 1920
Lastrea ciliata Liebm., Kongel. Danske Vidensk.-Selsk. Skr. V(1): 273 (seors. 121). 1849
Polypodium alsophiloides Liebm., Kongel. Danske Vidensk.-Selsk. Skr. V(1): 208 (seors. 56). 1849
Differing from var. erosa in the scales of rachises and pinna axils brown-black, linear-lanceolate, subentire, scattered, vaulted, spreading, not concealing the axes.
Distribution. Terrestrial in wet montane forests; 700–2300 m. Mexico; Guat, Hond, Salv, Nic, CR, Pan. Cited from Belize (Moran in Davidse et al., 1995: 198) on the basis of Schipp 276 (MO), but this gathering in UC is Ctenitis excelsa.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 22309, NY). Dgo (Tenorio L. 761, MEXU, UC). Gro (Lorea 2411, FCME, IEB). Hgo (Flores 202, ASU, IEB, XAL). Jal (Morones 282, NY). Méx (Hinton 7361, ARIZ, LL, NY, TEX, US). Mich (Pringle 13919, CAS, US). Mor (Lyonnet 776, DS, NY, US). Nay (McVaugh 18841, NY). Oax (Mickel 6014, CAS, UC). Rev (Flores Palacios 738, 777, UC). Sin (Lehto 24358, ASU, ENCB). Tam (Sharp 50229, US). Ver (Copeland herb. 20, BM, MICH, UC).
The types of Polypodium alsophiloides and Aspidium bourgeaui were placed in synonymy under var. erosa by Mickel and Beitel (1988), but we now believe these are both referable to var. equestris. The type of P. alsophiloides was from 3000 feet, much below the elevational range of var. erosa; moreover, the type of A. bourgeaui has the costal scales typical of var. equestris.
The sole specimen seen from Durango lacks marginal hairs and so will not key to this species. The two specimens cited from Isla Socorro are also atypical in being densely glandular between the veins, on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces, and in the smaller ultimate and penultimate segments. Fink 37 (MEXU), from Veracruz, is unusual in the relatively large, persistent indusia.
Breedlove 57212 (CAS), from near the Guatemalan border in Chiapas, is perhaps most like C. equestris in size and dissection, but the costae abaxially have many scales that are decidedly inrolled and rather broad, more like C. melanosticta or perhaps C. interjecta. The sori are exindusiate. If not a hybrid involving some combination of these three species (some sporangia appear abortive), it may represent an undescribed taxon.
Ctenitis equestris var. erosa Stolze, Amer. Fern J. 67(2): 41 (-43), f.5,6. 1977
Differs from var. equestris by the scales of rachises and pinna axils orangish tan, ovate, erose-denticulate to short-ciliate, flat, appressed, imbricate, concealing the axes; 2n=82 (Oax).
Distribution. Terrestrial in wet montane forests; 1850–2700 m. Mexico; Guat, Hond.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 34700, MEXU p.p.; Little & Sharp 9938, UC, US; Martínez S. 19631, MEXU). Gro (Lorea 3430, FCME). Hgo (Sánchez Mejorada 224, MEXU). Oax (Mickel 4164, 4377, 5352, NY, UC; Smith 504, UC).
In Mexico this well marked variety occurs at higher elevations than var. equestris. Citation of var. erosa from Michoacán by Díaz-Barriga & Palacios-Rios (1992) is based on Martínez L. 924 (ENCB!, IEB), which is var. equestris. The collection cited from Hidalgo is poor and incomplete, but seems to be var. erosa. Inclusion of Veracruz in the range by Mickel and Beitel (1988) and by Palacios Rios (1992) is the result of misidentification of the type of Aspidium bourgeaui.
A
Scales of rachises and pinna axils brown-black, linearlanceolate, subentire, scattered, vaulted, spreading, not concealing the axes. ...........................................................................var. equestris.
Scales of rachises and pinna axils orangish tan, ovate, erose-denticulate to short-ciliate, flat, appressed, imbricate, concealing the axes. .......................................................................var. erosa.
Ctenitis equestris var. equestris (Kunze) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: 250. 1940
Aspidium bourgaei Fourn., Mex. Pl. 1: 98. 1872
Aspidium scabriusculum Davenp., Bot. Gaz. 21: 255. 1896
Dryopteris davenportii C.Chr., Index Filic. 260. 1905
Dryopteris equestris C.Chr., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd. ser. 8, 6: 54. 1920
Dryopteris equestris var. mentiens C.Chr., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Skr., Naturvidensk. Math. Afd. ser. 8, 6: 56. 1920
Lastrea ciliata Liebm., Kongel. Danske Vidensk.-Selsk. Skr. V(1): 273 (seors. 121). 1849
Polypodium alsophiloides Liebm., Kongel. Danske Vidensk.-Selsk. Skr. V(1): 208 (seors. 56). 1849
Differing from var. erosa in the scales of rachises and pinna axils brown-black, linear-lanceolate, subentire, scattered, vaulted, spreading, not concealing the axes.
Distribution. Terrestrial in wet montane forests; 700–2300 m. Mexico; Guat, Hond, Salv, Nic, CR, Pan. Cited from Belize (Moran in Davidse et al., 1995: 198) on the basis of Schipp 276 (MO), but this gathering in UC is Ctenitis excelsa.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 22309, NY). Dgo (Tenorio L. 761, MEXU, UC). Gro (Lorea 2411, FCME, IEB). Hgo (Flores 202, ASU, IEB, XAL). Jal (Morones 282, NY). Méx (Hinton 7361, ARIZ, LL, NY, TEX, US). Mich (Pringle 13919, CAS, US). Mor (Lyonnet 776, DS, NY, US). Nay (McVaugh 18841, NY). Oax (Mickel 6014, CAS, UC). Rev (Flores Palacios 738, 777, UC). Sin (Lehto 24358, ASU, ENCB). Tam (Sharp 50229, US). Ver (Copeland herb. 20, BM, MICH, UC).
The types of Polypodium alsophiloides and Aspidium bourgeaui were placed in synonymy under var. erosa by Mickel and Beitel (1988), but we now believe these are both referable to var. equestris. The type of P. alsophiloides was from 3000 feet, much below the elevational range of var. erosa; moreover, the type of A. bourgeaui has the costal scales typical of var. equestris.
The sole specimen seen from Durango lacks marginal hairs and so will not key to this species. The two specimens cited from Isla Socorro are also atypical in being densely glandular between the veins, on both abaxial and adaxial surfaces, and in the smaller ultimate and penultimate segments. Fink 37 (MEXU), from Veracruz, is unusual in the relatively large, persistent indusia.
Breedlove 57212 (CAS), from near the Guatemalan border in Chiapas, is perhaps most like C. equestris in size and dissection, but the costae abaxially have many scales that are decidedly inrolled and rather broad, more like C. melanosticta or perhaps C. interjecta. The sori are exindusiate. If not a hybrid involving some combination of these three species (some sporangia appear abortive), it may represent an undescribed taxon.
Ctenitis equestris var. erosa Stolze, Amer. Fern J. 67(2): 41 (-43), f.5,6. 1977
Differs from var. equestris by the scales of rachises and pinna axils orangish tan, ovate, erose-denticulate to short-ciliate, flat, appressed, imbricate, concealing the axes; 2n=82 (Oax).
Distribution. Terrestrial in wet montane forests; 1850–2700 m. Mexico; Guat, Hond.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 34700, MEXU p.p.; Little & Sharp 9938, UC, US; Martínez S. 19631, MEXU). Gro (Lorea 3430, FCME). Hgo (Sánchez Mejorada 224, MEXU). Oax (Mickel 4164, 4377, 5352, NY, UC; Smith 504, UC).
In Mexico this well marked variety occurs at higher elevations than var. equestris. Citation of var. erosa from Michoacán by Díaz-Barriga & Palacios-Rios (1992) is based on Martínez L. 924 (ENCB!, IEB), which is var. equestris. The collection cited from Hidalgo is poor and incomplete, but seems to be var. erosa. Inclusion of Veracruz in the range by Mickel and Beitel (1988) and by Palacios Rios (1992) is the result of misidentification of the type of Aspidium bourgeaui.
A