Tectaria heracleifolia Underw.
Descripción
Rhizomes suberect to erect, woody, 0.5–2 cm diam.; rhizome scales bicolorous, central portion dark brown, lustrous, margins thin, occasionally ciliate, slightly fimbriate, pale, lanceolate, 2–5 X 0.3–0.5 mm; fronds mostly (12–)30–70 cm long; stipes often longer than blades, stramineous to reddish brown at base, lustrous, with few scales at base and scattered hairs 0.1 mm long; blades firmly chartaceous, simple to 1-pinnate, deltate, (14–)20–35(–50) X (2.5–)14–40 cm; rachises with scattered hairs 0.1 mm long, buds absent; pinnae 0–2(–4) lateral pairs (juvenile fronds merely cordate or trilobate), pentagonal, lateral and terminal ones with cordate base, basal pair much the largest, 12–25 cm long, long-stalked (3–30 mm), with 1–2 prominent basiscopic lobes and a shorter acroscopic lobe, lobes acute, 5–15 cm long, entire to sinuate; vein areoles pentagonal or hexagonal, commonly with a single, free, included veinlet; indument abaxially absent on costae and costules, or of sparse hairs 0.1–0.2 mm long, or of short glandular hairs, adaxially of dense to scattered hairs 0.1 mm long along costae, otherwise usually glabrous; sori round, in 2 rows, one on either side of main lateral veins; indusia persistent, thick, peltate, 1.5–2.5(–3.5) mm diam., with scattered short hairs on surface; 2n=80 (SLP, CR), 160 (Fla, Jam), ca. 160 (Trin).A
Forma de vida
Epipétrica, TerrestreA
Ejemplar revisado
Camp (Martínez S. 29490, UC). Chis (Croat & Hannon 65032, UC). Coah (Lyonnet 421000005, MEXU). Col (Sanders 10365, UC). Gro (Mexia 8894, ARIZ, CAS, LL, UC, US). Hgo (Clarke 6882, NY). Jal (Díaz L. 16254, UC). Méx (Matuda 27539, UC). Mich (Hinton 16290, DS, LL, UC). Mor (Lyonnet 755, NY). Nay (Nelson 4280, US). NL (Pringle 1983, ARIZ, CAS, DS, TEX, UC, US). Oax (Wendt et al. 5834, NY). Pue (Butterwick B-66, TEX, UC). Qro (Fernández N. 3464, ENCB, IEB, NY). QR (Téllez 1714, CAS). SLP (Sundberg 2519, UC). Tab (Hammel & Merello 15530, UC). Tam (Palmer 184, NY, US). Ver (Delgadillo 12277, UC). Yuc (Butterwick 240, CAS, TEX, UC).
Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Tres Marías (reported by Lenz, 1995, but not verified).
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Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Tres Marías (reported by Lenz, 1995, but not verified).
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Elevación
50 – 1000(– 2100) mA
Ecología y Hábitat
Wet stream banks and rock outcrops (usually limestone).A
Tipo de vegetación
Selva alta, Selva mediana, Bosque de encino, Bosque de neblina/mesófilo, Bosque de pinoB
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaC
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaD
Discusión taxonómica
This is one of the commonest ferns at low and middle elevations in southern and eastern Mexico. It often grows on calcareous rocks or in sink holes, and may occasionally hybridize with other Tectarias, particularly T. incisa. The peltate indusia, 0–2 (rarely 3 or 4) lateral pinna pairs with cordate bases, longstalked proximal pinnae with 1–2 prominent basiscopic lobes and a single acroscopic lobe, narrow, bicolorous scales, and cordate-based terminal segment distinguish T. heracleifolia from T. incisa and T. transiens (q.v.). Most specimens of T. heracleifolia have 0–2 pairs of lateral pinnae, but a few (e.g., Robles G. 207, XAL) have three or even four pinna pairs; occasional specimens are precociously fertile, with blades small and merely lobed at base (e.g., Martínez S. 15811, TEX, with blades 10 X 3 cm). See T. mexicana for comparison with that species.
A few specimens of T. heracleifolia from Mexico are minutely pubescent with hairs 0.1–0.2 mm long on the costae (both sides) and also on the lamina between veins abaxially, e.g., Matuda 27185 (US) and 27539 (UC), both from Edo. México. Neither of these specimens approaches T. trichodes (which see) in pubescence.
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A few specimens of T. heracleifolia from Mexico are minutely pubescent with hairs 0.1–0.2 mm long on the costae (both sides) and also on the lamina between veins abaxially, e.g., Matuda 27185 (US) and 27539 (UC), both from Edo. México. Neither of these specimens approaches T. trichodes (which see) in pubescence.
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