Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon

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Pteridium caudatum (L.) Maxon

Descripción

Fronds 1.5–4 m long; blades lacking free lobes between ultimate segments; rachises glabrous to slightly pubescent; penultimate axes abaxially almost glabrous with hairs rare, curled, clear, with brown septa, others scattered, minute, less than 0.1 mm long, brown, clavate, adaxially with hairs rare, curled, clear, with brown septa only in medial grooves; costae flattened to slightly sulcate abaxially; laminar surfaces abaxially glabrous or with hairs scattered, 0.5 mm long, white, on the veins only, adaxially glabrous except for scattered, marginal, white hairs 0.5 mm long, and minute, glandular, brown hairs less than 0.1 mm long, especially near segment tips; false indusia 0.3–0.5 mm wide with margins erose, eciliate; 2n=104 (Galapagos), 208 (see below).A

Forma de crecimiento

Hierba

Forma de vida

TerrestreA

Nutrición

Autotrófica

Ejemplar revisado

BCS (Anthony 400, MEXU, NY, UC). Camp (Martínez S. 2934, MEXU). Chis (Ghiesbreght 237, NY). Dgo (McVaugh 11570, MICH). Gro (Hinton 14083, NY). Hgo (Fisher s.n., 14 Aug 1937, NY). Jal (Detling 883, ENCB). Mich (Rzedowski 46099, IEB). Mor (Sánchez 398, MEXU). Nay (McVaugh 18813, NY). NL (Pennell 16911, NY). Oax (Mickel 4176, NY). Pue (Turra 34, ENCB). QR (Cowan 3024, NY). Qro (Rzedowski 43861, ENCB). Rev (Felger 15873, UC). Sin (Pitelka 285, UC). SLP (Mickel 557, NY). Tab (Cantú 134, MEXU). Tam (Stanford et al. 2220, NY). Ver (Orcutt 3392, NY). Yuc (Ucan & Flores 988, MEXU).A

Distribución

Caribe PresenteA, Centroamérica: Belice PresenteA; Costa Rica PresenteA; El Salvador PresenteA; Guatemala PresenteA; Honduras PresenteA; Nicaragua PresenteA; Panamá PresenteA, México (país) Nativo y no endémicoA, Norteamérica al N de México PresenteA, Sudamérica PresenteA

Elevación

0 – 2500 mA

Ecología y Hábitat

Open, disturbed areas.A

Tipo de vegetación

No especificado

Categoría IUCN

Preocupación menor (LC)B

Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010

No incluidaC

Estatus del taxón

(A) Como definida actualmente, probablemente una entidad natural (monofilética)

Discusión taxonómica

Pteridium caudatum is distinguished by the lack of free lobes between ultimate segments, axes generally glabrous or only sparsely hairy, and indusia narrow, erose, and non-ciliate. This species varies from densely hairy to less commonly subglabrous abaxially. Glabrous or subglabrous specimens occur throughout the species’ range in Mexico.
Thomson (2000) and Thomson and Alonso-Amelot (2002) reported that P. caudatum throughout Central and South America is a tetraploid, based on DNA studies and relative cell sizes of stomates and indusia. One parent is thought to be P. arachnoideum and the other P. aquilinum var. pubescens, P. aquilinum var. pseudocaudatum, or some other taxon sharing genomic elements with those two varieties.
A

Bibliografía

A. Mickel, J. T. & Smith, A. R. 2004: The Pteridophytes of Mexico Vol. 88
B. IUCN 2022: The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Versión 2022-2
C. SEMARNAT 2019: MODIFICACIÓN del Anexo Normativo III, Lista de especies en riesgo de la Norma Oficial Mexicana NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010: 101 pp. – https://www.dof.gob.mx/nota_detalle.php?codigo=5578808&fecha=14/11/2019#gsc.tab=0 [accessed 2023-05-04 06:16]