Lindsaea mesoamericana A.Rojas & Tejero
Descripción
Lindsaea mesoamericana is similar to L. falcata Dryand. and L. leprieurii Hooker (1846: 208) but it differs in having 1 or 2-pinnate blade (vs. only 1-pinnate in L. falcata and L. leprieurii), more segments per pinna (20–28 vs. 4–15 pairs per pinnae), blades (or distal pinnae in 2-pinnate specimens) that are narrowly triangular (vs. suboblong), with distal part of blade reduced up to 65–75% from baseline (vs. 10–15%), apical segments reduced and lobate (vs. the largest and hastate).
Perennial, rhizomes long creeping, 2–3 mm in diameter, with fronds every 5–8 mm; rhizome scales 1–3 × 0.3–0.5 mm, cordate-ovate with aristate apices on the stipe bases to lineate-deltate with short hair-like apices on the rhizome tips, orange-reddish to reddish-brown or dark reddish, lustrous, clathrate or occluded; fronds 40–50 cm long, ascending to arching; stipes 13–25 cm long, 1/3–1/2 the length of fronds, dark brown to grayish in the rachis, sharply angular, winged abaxially in distal part; blades 1 or 2-pinnate (then with 2–5 conform pinnae: 1–4 lateral ones plus terminal one); the 1-pinnate frond parts (entire blade or apical pinna in 2-pinnate plants), linear-deltate, 16–30 × 4–6 cm, the apical ones with presence of a petiolule 2–3 cm long, with (15)20–28 pairs of segments, that are contiguous but not overlapping, gradually reduced towards apex (the distal reduced 60–75 % with respect to proximal ones); segments dimidiate, dark green, glabrescent with scattered 2–3 celled subcapitate hairs on the abaxial surfaces (0.15 mm); basal segments 2–3 × 0.8–1 cm, falcate-trapezoid, short-petiolulate (1–1.5 mm), decurrently on the rachis and form an adaxial wing; distal segments rectangular-trapezoidal with acroscopic side perpendicular to rachis, proximal segments short divergent and distally round-truncate, subsessile; apical segment subconform, stretch tringle, equal to or larger than adjacent lateral segment; lateral pinnae in 2-pinnate plants ascending 35–45º, narrowly lanceolate, anadromic, with a small basal acroscopical pinnule, subaxillar, flabellate (cuneate), 2–3 proximal segments reduced, quadrangular, subsequent segments rectangular-arched; pinnules with a thickened strand of elongate cells runs along the margin, highlighted veins, the primary forked sympodially 3–4 times; sori continuous, parallel and close to acroscopic margin; indusium 0.5 mm wide, entire, green.
Etymology:—The name of the new species refer to its known distribution.
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Perennial, rhizomes long creeping, 2–3 mm in diameter, with fronds every 5–8 mm; rhizome scales 1–3 × 0.3–0.5 mm, cordate-ovate with aristate apices on the stipe bases to lineate-deltate with short hair-like apices on the rhizome tips, orange-reddish to reddish-brown or dark reddish, lustrous, clathrate or occluded; fronds 40–50 cm long, ascending to arching; stipes 13–25 cm long, 1/3–1/2 the length of fronds, dark brown to grayish in the rachis, sharply angular, winged abaxially in distal part; blades 1 or 2-pinnate (then with 2–5 conform pinnae: 1–4 lateral ones plus terminal one); the 1-pinnate frond parts (entire blade or apical pinna in 2-pinnate plants), linear-deltate, 16–30 × 4–6 cm, the apical ones with presence of a petiolule 2–3 cm long, with (15)20–28 pairs of segments, that are contiguous but not overlapping, gradually reduced towards apex (the distal reduced 60–75 % with respect to proximal ones); segments dimidiate, dark green, glabrescent with scattered 2–3 celled subcapitate hairs on the abaxial surfaces (0.15 mm); basal segments 2–3 × 0.8–1 cm, falcate-trapezoid, short-petiolulate (1–1.5 mm), decurrently on the rachis and form an adaxial wing; distal segments rectangular-trapezoidal with acroscopic side perpendicular to rachis, proximal segments short divergent and distally round-truncate, subsessile; apical segment subconform, stretch tringle, equal to or larger than adjacent lateral segment; lateral pinnae in 2-pinnate plants ascending 35–45º, narrowly lanceolate, anadromic, with a small basal acroscopical pinnule, subaxillar, flabellate (cuneate), 2–3 proximal segments reduced, quadrangular, subsequent segments rectangular-arched; pinnules with a thickened strand of elongate cells runs along the margin, highlighted veins, the primary forked sympodially 3–4 times; sori continuous, parallel and close to acroscopic margin; indusium 0.5 mm wide, entire, green.
Etymology:—The name of the new species refer to its known distribution.
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Forma de crecimiento
HierbaA
Forma de vida
TerrestreA
Ejemplar revisado
Chiapas: Mpio. Ocosingo, 20 km arriba del arroyo Miranda (por Canoa), entrando por el río Chajul, 150 m, 19 February 1985, G. Castillo et al. 3973 (XAL!); Mpio. Ocosingo, Nvo. Veracruz, a 33 km al W del vértice del río Chixoy camino a Chanjul, en zona 1 Marqués de Comillas, 130 m, 10 January 1986, E. Martínez 15962 (IEB!, MEXU!); ibídem, E. Martínez 16002 (MEXU!), ibídem, E. Martínez 16038 (MEXU!); Mpio. Ocosingo, en vértice del río Chixoy, sobre el camino Boca Lacantum Chajul, 130 m, 12 January 1986, E. Martínez 16159 (MEXU!); Mpio. Ocosingo, en ejido Roberto Barrios, a 60 km al S de Boca
Lacantum, camino a Chajul, 200 m, 18 April 1986, E. Martínez 18349 (MEXU!); ejido Loma Bonita, 150 m, 24 January 1992, E. Martínez & R. Lombera 26076 (IEB!, XAL!); Mpio. Benemérito de Las Américas, 2.8 km después de Loma Linda, rumbo a Benemérito de Las Américas, 16º04ʹ55ʺN, 90º34ʹ06ʺW, 179 m, 30 July 2011, A Mendoza et al. 1784 (IEB!, UAMIZ!). Oaxaca: Mpio. Santa María Chimalapa, río Verde, 7 km en línea recta al NNE de Santa María Chimalapa, 360–430 m, 16°58ʹ17ʺN, 94°39ʹ45ʺW, 4 August 1985, P. Caletti et al. 75 (CHAPA!); cañada del río Negro, en la embocadura del arroyo Huapontl, ca. 15 km al S de Santa María, 16°56ʹN, 94°39ʹ30ʺW, 300 m, 14 October 1985, H. Hernández & C. González 1628 (CHAPA, MEXU!); El Callejón, vieja vereda a Lázaro Cárdenas, cerca del camino actual que sale a arroyo Chocolate, subiendo la falda NE de cerro Azul-Escolapa, ca. 8 km al SW de Santa María, 16°52ʹN, 94°44ʹW, 350 m, 27 February 1986, H. Hernández 2109 (CHAPA!, MEXU!); ca. 10 km S de Santa María Chimalapa, por la vereda a la cabecera del Río Escolapa, 16°50ʹN, 94°41ʹW, 500 m, 24 June 1987, H. Hernández 2535 (CHAPA!); filo del cerro entre el río Blanco (al E) y el río Los Milagros (al O), ca. 25 km al SE de Santa María Chimalapa, 16°51ʹN, 94°35ʹW, 600 m, 21 August 1987, H. Hernández 2674 (CHAPA!); Mpio. San Juan Lalana, senda de Santiago Jalahui al río Cuñeta, 210 m, 23 June 1991, J. Calzada & M. Aranda 17039 (MEXU!); Mpio. Ayotzintepec, Sierra de Juárez, entre Puerto Eligio y Comaltepec, km 150 entre Tuxtepec y Oaxaca, 29 October 1965, G. Martínez 440 (UAMIZ!, MEXU!); 6 km antes de Puerto Eligio, rumbo a La Esperanza, km 56 de la carretera Tuxtepec-Ixtlán-Oaxaca, 17º43ʹ31ʺN, 96º19ʹ37ʺW, 600 m, 8 September 2006, A. Mendoza et al. 1029 (UAMIZ!, XAL!); District of Villa Alta, valley of the Yelagago River, ca. 20 millas NE of Villa Alta, 17°25ʹN, 96°05ʹW, 762–1158 m [2500–3800 ft], 28 July 1962, J. Mickel 1048 (MEXU!, NY).
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Lacantum, camino a Chajul, 200 m, 18 April 1986, E. Martínez 18349 (MEXU!); ejido Loma Bonita, 150 m, 24 January 1992, E. Martínez & R. Lombera 26076 (IEB!, XAL!); Mpio. Benemérito de Las Américas, 2.8 km después de Loma Linda, rumbo a Benemérito de Las Américas, 16º04ʹ55ʺN, 90º34ʹ06ʺW, 179 m, 30 July 2011, A Mendoza et al. 1784 (IEB!, UAMIZ!). Oaxaca: Mpio. Santa María Chimalapa, río Verde, 7 km en línea recta al NNE de Santa María Chimalapa, 360–430 m, 16°58ʹ17ʺN, 94°39ʹ45ʺW, 4 August 1985, P. Caletti et al. 75 (CHAPA!); cañada del río Negro, en la embocadura del arroyo Huapontl, ca. 15 km al S de Santa María, 16°56ʹN, 94°39ʹ30ʺW, 300 m, 14 October 1985, H. Hernández & C. González 1628 (CHAPA, MEXU!); El Callejón, vieja vereda a Lázaro Cárdenas, cerca del camino actual que sale a arroyo Chocolate, subiendo la falda NE de cerro Azul-Escolapa, ca. 8 km al SW de Santa María, 16°52ʹN, 94°44ʹW, 350 m, 27 February 1986, H. Hernández 2109 (CHAPA!, MEXU!); ca. 10 km S de Santa María Chimalapa, por la vereda a la cabecera del Río Escolapa, 16°50ʹN, 94°41ʹW, 500 m, 24 June 1987, H. Hernández 2535 (CHAPA!); filo del cerro entre el río Blanco (al E) y el río Los Milagros (al O), ca. 25 km al SE de Santa María Chimalapa, 16°51ʹN, 94°35ʹW, 600 m, 21 August 1987, H. Hernández 2674 (CHAPA!); Mpio. San Juan Lalana, senda de Santiago Jalahui al río Cuñeta, 210 m, 23 June 1991, J. Calzada & M. Aranda 17039 (MEXU!); Mpio. Ayotzintepec, Sierra de Juárez, entre Puerto Eligio y Comaltepec, km 150 entre Tuxtepec y Oaxaca, 29 October 1965, G. Martínez 440 (UAMIZ!, MEXU!); 6 km antes de Puerto Eligio, rumbo a La Esperanza, km 56 de la carretera Tuxtepec-Ixtlán-Oaxaca, 17º43ʹ31ʺN, 96º19ʹ37ʺW, 600 m, 8 September 2006, A. Mendoza et al. 1029 (UAMIZ!, XAL!); District of Villa Alta, valley of the Yelagago River, ca. 20 millas NE of Villa Alta, 17°25ʹN, 96°05ʹW, 762–1158 m [2500–3800 ft], 28 July 1962, J. Mickel 1048 (MEXU!, NY).
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Elevación
130 – 600(– 1158) mA
Tipo de vegetación
Selva altaA
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Discusión taxonómica
In the herbarium, most specimens of this species have been determinated previously as Lindsaea lancea. Linnaeus (1753) described this latter species, based on a specimen from Suriname, as: “pinnate fronds: pinnae opposite, lanceolate-oblong, with triangular hastate termination.... Pinnulae recurved, oblong, obtuse: the terminals [apical segment] cordate or hastate-triangular shaped, oblong, acute”. This description does not correspond to L. mesoamericana here described, because it is primarily one-pinnate or 2-pinnate with one (two) pair of pinnae at the base, the blade is gradually reduced, and the apical segment varies between lanceolate to flabellate but not hastate and large. While medial segments of Lindsaea mesoamericana are recurved, the two or three basal pairs are distinctively arched. The Linnaean description is also not consistent with the type of L. falcata (BM-000937670!: N. Funck & L.J. Schlim 592, Venezuela), a name used in infraspecific combination of L. lancea, since it is 1-pinnate, the blade is suboblong with few leaflets, and the basal ones are strongly falcate (the apical segment are similar to that described by Linnaeus). Lindsaea mesoamericana differs from L. lancea by its 1 or 2-pinnate (vs. full 2-pinnate) blades, pinnules that are up to three times longer than wide (vs. ca. 2–2.5 times longer than wide), the basal and medial segments that are commonly falcate and curved down at apex (vs. pinnae with basiscopic side perpendicular to ascending with respect to rachis), the distal segments that are slightly or not reduced (vs. distal ones about 1/2 the size of the lower ones) and strongly asymmetric (vs. symmetric) terminal segment. For differences with L. leprieurii see the notes under that species.
Lindsaea mesoamericana is the most common species in Mesoamerica and is easily distinguished from other species in this area by the following combination of characters: blades (or terminal pinna in 2-pinnate specimens) with larger basal segments strongly recurved (falcate), towards the apex reduced in size and less recurved, ending in a subconform apical segment; lamina olive (dark green); stipe and rachis brown. The green wings along the rachis facilitate the recognition.
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Lindsaea mesoamericana is the most common species in Mesoamerica and is easily distinguished from other species in this area by the following combination of characters: blades (or terminal pinna in 2-pinnate specimens) with larger basal segments strongly recurved (falcate), towards the apex reduced in size and less recurved, ending in a subconform apical segment; lamina olive (dark green); stipe and rachis brown. The green wings along the rachis facilitate the recognition.
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