Parapolystichum effusum (Sw.) Ching
Descripción
Rhizomes short-creeping, mostly 5–10 mm diam.; fronds commonly 1–2 m long; stipes stramineous to brown, 50–100 cm long, ca. 1⁄2 the frond length, scaly at bases, scales brown, lanceolate, to 5–10 X 1.5 mm, ± entire; blades 50–100 X 50–100 cm, 3–5-pinnate, proximal pinnae more developed basiscopically, distal pinnae unequal-sided with acroscopic pinnules longer and more spreading than those of basiscopic side, which arise at <45° from costae, each blade usually with a scaly bud in axil of a distal pinna; costae narrowly winged all or nearly all their length, wings decurrent onto next axis; pinnules of proximal and medial pinnae short- to often long-stalked to ca. 1 cm; penultimate segments coarsely and acutely toothed; indument abaxially and adaxially of scattered to moderate hyaline, septate, blunt hairs 0.1–0.3 mm long on rachises, costae, costules, also with blade surfaces and veins abaxially with usually sparse adpressed orangish elongate glands 0.1–0.15 mm; sori exindusiate, with stalked reddish glandular paraphyses among sporangia; 2n=82 (Jam., for the sp.), ca. 164 (Trin., for subsp. divergens).A
Forma de vida
TerrestreA
Distribución
México (país) Nativo y no endémicoA
Categoría IUCN
No incluidaB
Categoría NOM-059-SEMARNAT-2010
No incluidaC
Discusión taxonómica
(In relation to the synonym) Lastreopsis effusa is easily distinguished from L. exculta by the exindusiate sori and larger fronds. Tindale recognized four subspecies of L. effusa, two of which occur in Mexico. The type subspecies, from the Greater Antilles and Surinam, has more glandular hairs on the abaxial laminae and glabrous abaxial costae and costules. Subspecies confinis (C. Chr.) Tindale, also from the Greater Antilles, has thicker, bipinnate-pinnatifid to tripinnate fronds.
Key to the Mexican Subspecies of Lastreopsis effusa
Blades dark green, 4-pinnate to 4-pinnate-pinnatifid; ultimate segments acute...........subsp. dilatata
Blades dull gray-green or dark green, 3-pinnate to 3-pinnate-pinnatifid; ultimate segments obtuse to acutish. .............................................................................................................subsp. divergens
Parapolystichum effusum subsp. effusum (Sw.) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: 239. 1940
Lastreopsis effusa subsp. dilatata (Liebm.) Tindale, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 3: 301. 1965
Polypodium dilatatum Liebm., Kongel. Danske Vidensk.-Selsk. Skr. V. 1 208 (seors. 56). 1849
Blades dark green, 4-pinnate to 4-pinnate-pinnatifid; ultimate segments acute.
Distribution. Slopes and ravines in wet montane forests; 100–600 m. Mexico; Guat, Hond, CR, Pan; Cuba, Hisp; Ec.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 70864, CAS). Gro (Velázquez 41, FCME; Lozano V. 205, FCME). Hgo (Kenoyer & Crum 3981, GH). Oax (Hernández G. 2543, CHAPA, NY; Mickel 5922, UC). SLP (Kenoyer s.n., ARIZ). Ver (Purpus 3008, NY, UC, US; Riba et al. 1224, UAMIZ, XAL).
Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Mich (cited by Mickel & Beitel, 1988, but not verified).
Occasional specimens have more than a single rachis bud per blade, the buds being multiple also in axils of costules (e.g., Riba et al. 1224, UAMIZ).
Parapolystichum effusum var. divergens (Willd. ex Schkuhr) Abbiatti, Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Bot. 9(36-37): 19. 1958
Lastreopsis effusa subsp. divergens (Willd.) Tindale, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 3: 302. 1965
Polypodium divergens Willd. ex Schkuhr, 24. Kl. Linn. Pfl.-Syst. 1: 27, t.26b. 1806
Blades dull gray-green or dark green, 3-pinnate to 3-pinnatepinnatifid; ultimate segments obtuse to acutish; 2n=ca. 164 (Trin.).
Distribution. Steep ravines in lower montane rain forests; 100–1000 m. Mexico; Guat, Hond, Nic, CR, Pan; Hisp, L Ant; Col, Ven, Trin, Guy, Sur, Fr Gui, Ec, Peru, Braz, Bol, Parag. Moran (in Davidse et al., 1995) also cited Belize in the range, but his concept included also subsp. dilatata.
Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 32834, 38683, DS). Oax (Hernández G. 1426, NY, 1526, MEXU, NY; Mickel 6845, NY, UC). All specimens from Veracruz cited as subsp. divergens by Palacios-Rios (1992) are subsp. dilatata. Also, most specimens (e.g., Brenckle 199; Hatch & Wilson 116, 128; Standley 68447; Heyde & Lux s.n. [Donn. Sm. 4682]; all US) identified by Stolze (1981) as subsp. divergens are subsp. dilatata. Subspecies divergens is less dissected and occurs at lower elevations than subsp. dilatata.A
Key to the Mexican Subspecies of Lastreopsis effusa
Blades dark green, 4-pinnate to 4-pinnate-pinnatifid; ultimate segments acute...........subsp. dilatata
Blades dull gray-green or dark green, 3-pinnate to 3-pinnate-pinnatifid; ultimate segments obtuse to acutish. .............................................................................................................subsp. divergens
Parapolystichum effusum subsp. effusum (Sw.) Ching, Sunyatsenia 5: 239. 1940
Lastreopsis effusa subsp. dilatata (Liebm.) Tindale, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 3: 301. 1965
Polypodium dilatatum Liebm., Kongel. Danske Vidensk.-Selsk. Skr. V. 1 208 (seors. 56). 1849
Blades dark green, 4-pinnate to 4-pinnate-pinnatifid; ultimate segments acute.
Distribution. Slopes and ravines in wet montane forests; 100–600 m. Mexico; Guat, Hond, CR, Pan; Cuba, Hisp; Ec.
Selected Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 70864, CAS). Gro (Velázquez 41, FCME; Lozano V. 205, FCME). Hgo (Kenoyer & Crum 3981, GH). Oax (Hernández G. 2543, CHAPA, NY; Mickel 5922, UC). SLP (Kenoyer s.n., ARIZ). Ver (Purpus 3008, NY, UC, US; Riba et al. 1224, UAMIZ, XAL).
Unverified, Doubtful, or Mistaken Reports. Mich (cited by Mickel & Beitel, 1988, but not verified).
Occasional specimens have more than a single rachis bud per blade, the buds being multiple also in axils of costules (e.g., Riba et al. 1224, UAMIZ).
Parapolystichum effusum var. divergens (Willd. ex Schkuhr) Abbiatti, Revista Mus. La Plata, Secc. Bot. 9(36-37): 19. 1958
Lastreopsis effusa subsp. divergens (Willd.) Tindale, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 3: 302. 1965
Polypodium divergens Willd. ex Schkuhr, 24. Kl. Linn. Pfl.-Syst. 1: 27, t.26b. 1806
Blades dull gray-green or dark green, 3-pinnate to 3-pinnatepinnatifid; ultimate segments obtuse to acutish; 2n=ca. 164 (Trin.).
Distribution. Steep ravines in lower montane rain forests; 100–1000 m. Mexico; Guat, Hond, Nic, CR, Pan; Hisp, L Ant; Col, Ven, Trin, Guy, Sur, Fr Gui, Ec, Peru, Braz, Bol, Parag. Moran (in Davidse et al., 1995) also cited Belize in the range, but his concept included also subsp. dilatata.
Specimens Examined. Chis (Breedlove 32834, 38683, DS). Oax (Hernández G. 1426, NY, 1526, MEXU, NY; Mickel 6845, NY, UC). All specimens from Veracruz cited as subsp. divergens by Palacios-Rios (1992) are subsp. dilatata. Also, most specimens (e.g., Brenckle 199; Hatch & Wilson 116, 128; Standley 68447; Heyde & Lux s.n. [Donn. Sm. 4682]; all US) identified by Stolze (1981) as subsp. divergens are subsp. dilatata. Subspecies divergens is less dissected and occurs at lower elevations than subsp. dilatata.A